K-Voca 10,000 Project-004[0061~0080]

All right, we gonna start from no. 61, are you ready? Here we go. No. 61 is [swi-da], which means ‘to rest’. [jeo-neun o-neul jib-e il-jjik ga-seo swi-eo-ya-get-sub-ni-da] ‘I think I have to go home early, and have a rest’. [jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and [o-neul] is ‘today’, and [jib-e] is ‘home’, and [il-jjik] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘early’. And [ga-seo] came from a verb, [ga-da], which is no. 1, which was at the first verb of the first lecture, right? Can you remember? Its meaning is ‘to go’, right? The reason why [ga-da] is transformed into [ga-seo] is that [seo] means ‘and’. As you can guess, the final word, [swi-eo-ya-get-sub-ni-da] came from [swi-da]. If we replace [da] with [eo-ya-get-seub-ni-da], this means ‘I think I have to’. So, [jeo-neun o-neul jib-e il-jjik ga-seo swi-eo-ya-get-seub-ni-da] ‘I think I have to go home early, and have a rest’. No. 62 is [hang-hae-ha-da], which means ‘to navigate, or sail’. [i bae-neun goj-eul dol-a hang-hae-hab-ni-da] ‘This ship sails around a cape’. [i] is ‘this’, and [bae] is ‘ship’,and [gog] is ‘cape’, and [eul] is the objective case. And [dol-a] is ‘around’, and [hang-hae-hab-ni-da] is an honorific form of [hang-hae-ha-da]. So, [i bae-neun goj-eul dol-a hang-hae-hab-ni-da] ‘This ship sails around a cape’. No. 63 is [sa-nyang-ha-da], which means ‘to hunt’. [dang-sin-eun i ji-yeok-e-seo sa-nyang-hal su eop-seub-ni-da] ‘You cannot hunt in this area’. [dang-sin] is ‘you’, and [eun] is the subjective particle, and [i] is ‘this’, and [ji-yeok] is ‘area’, and [e-seo] behind [ji-yeok] is a kind of preposition in English, ‘in’. As you can guess, in Korean language, there is no preposition, only postpositions are placed behind nouns. That is to say, all the prepositions in English are the same as all the postpositions in Korean language. So, [i ji-yeok-e-seo] is the same as ‘in this area’, right? And the next word [sa-nyang-hal su eop-seub-ni-da] came from the original form [sa-nyang-ha-da]. If we remove [da], and place [ri-eul] under [ha], and place [su eop-seub-ni-da], this means ‘cannot blablabla’. When you use [su it-seub-ni-da], that means ‘can do something’, on the other hand, when you use [su eop-seub-ni-da], that means ‘cannot do’. So, [sa-nyang-hal su eop-seub-ni-da] is the same as ‘cannot hunt’. So, [dang-sin-eun i ji-yeok-e-seo sa-nyang-hal su eop-seub-ni-da] ‘You cannot hunt in this area’. No. 64 is [ddeol-eo-ji-da], and [ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-da]. [ddeol-eo-ji-da] is ‘to fall down’, and [ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-da] is ‘to drop something’, and you can use both [ddeu] and [teu] because there is no difference in this word, so you can use either of the two letters, OK? The first example meaning [ddeol-eo-ji-da] is [bam-ha-neul-e-seo yu-seong-i ddeol-eo-ji-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘A shooting star is falling down from the night sky’. The first word [bam-ha-neul] is ‘night sky’. [bam] is ‘night’, and [ha-neul] is ‘sky’, so [bam-ha-neul] is ‘night sky’, right? And [e-seo] behind [bam-ha-neul] is a kind of postposition, which means ‘from’ in English preposition. So, [bam-ha-neul-e-seo] is ‘from the night sky’. And the next word [yu-seong] is ‘a shooting star’. And [ddeol-eo-ji-go it-seub-ni-da] came from [ddeol-eo-ji-da], which means ‘to fall down’. If we replace [da] with [go], and place [it-seub-ni-da] behind it, this expression is used in order to make present progressive form. So, [ddeol-eo-ji-go it-seub-ni-da] is ‘is falling down’, right? So, [bam-ha-neul-e-seo yu-seong-i ddeol-eo-ji-go it-seub-ni-da] ‘A shooting star is falling down from the night sky’. And the second example is [yeo-bo-se-yo], [son-su-geon-eul ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-syeot-ne-yo] ‘Excuse me, you dropped a handkerchief’. [yeo-bo-se-yo] can be also used as [jeo-gi-yo], which means ‘Excuse me’, [son-su-geon] is ‘handkerchief’, and [eul] is a objective particle. [ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-syeot-ne-yo] came from [ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-da], which means ‘to drop something’. If we remove [da], and place [syeot-ne-yo], this means ‘you did blabla’, so [ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-syeot-ne-yo] is ‘you dropped’, right? So, [yeo-bo-se-yo], [son-su-geon-eul ddeol-eo-ddeu-ri-syeot-ne-yo] ‘Excuse me, you dropped a handkerchief’. No. 65 is [geo-jit-mal-ha-da], which means ‘to tell a lie’. [jeo sa-ram-eun geo-jit-mal-ha-go it-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da]. ‘That guy seems to be telling a lie’. [jeo] is ‘that’, and [sa-ram] is ‘guy’, so [jeo sa-ram] is ‘that guy’, and [eun] is the subjective case. And [geo-jit-mal] is ‘a lie’, and [geo-jit-mal-ha-da] is ‘to tell a lie’. And [ha-go it-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da] is ‘seems to be doing’ So, [geo-jit-mal-ha-go it-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da] is ‘seems to telling a lie’. [jeo sa-ram-eun geo-jit-mal-ha-go it-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da]. ‘That guy seems to be telling a lie’. No. 66 is [sok-i-da], which means ‘to deceive’. [geu-nyeo-eui nam-pyeon-i geu-nyeo-reul su-nyeon dong-an sok-yeo wat-seub-ni-da] ‘Her husband has deceived him for years’. [geu-nyeo-eui] is ‘her’, and [nam-pyeon] is ‘husband’, and [i] is the subjective particle. And the next word [geu-nyeo-reul] is ‘her’ as an objective case. And [su-nyeon dong-an] is ‘for years’, [su] means ‘several’, and [nyeon] is ‘year’, and [dong-an] is ‘during’, so [su-nyeon dong-an] is ‘for years’, right? And [sok-yeo wat-seub-ni-da] is the current completion form of [sok-i-da]. So, [sok-i-da] is ‘to deceive’, and [sok-yeo wat-seub-ni-da] is ‘have deceived’, right? So, [geu-nyeo-eui nam-pyeon-i geu-nyeo-reul su-nyeon dong-an sok-yeo wat-seub-ni-da] ‘Her husband has deceived him for years’. No. 67 is [ssib-da], which means ‘to chew’. [so-hwa-ga jal-doi-ryeo-myeon, dang-sin-eun eum-sik-eul jal ssib-eo-ya hab-ni-da] ‘You should chew your food well in order to make it digestible’. [so-hwa] is ‘digestion’, and [ga] is the subjective particle, and [jal-doi-ryeo-myeon] actually came from a verb, [jal-doi-da], which means ‘to go well’, [jal] means ‘well’, and [doi-da] is ‘to become’, so [jal-doi-da] is ‘to go well’, but the last letter [da] is replaced with [myeon], this [myeon] is used in order to express either a conjunction, ‘if’, or an adverbial phrase of purpose. And in this case, an adverbial phrase of purpose, so [jal-doi-ryeo-myeon] is the same as ‘in order to go well’. In short, [so-hwa-ga jal-doi-ryeo-myeon] is ‘in order to make digestion go well, or to make it digestible’. And the next word, [dang-sin-eun] is ‘you’, and [eum-sik] is ‘food’, and [eul] is the objective case. And [jal] is ‘well’ as I told you just before, right? And this [jal] is modifying the verb, [ssib-eo-ya hab-ni-da], which means ‘should chew’. The reason why [ssib-da] is chaned into [ssib-eo-ya hab-ni-da] is when you replace [da] with [eo-ya hab-ni-da], this means ‘must, have to, or should’. So, [so-hwa-ga jal-doi-ryeo-myeon, dang-sin-eun eum-sik-eul jal ssib-eo-ya hab-ni-da] ‘You should chew your food well in order to make it digestible’. No. 68 is [ji-da], which means ‘to lose’. [u-ri tim-i 3(sam)dae 1(il)ro ji-go it-seo-yo] ‘Our team is losing by 3 to 1’. [u-ri] is ‘our’, and [tim] is written as it sounds, and [sam] is ‘three’, and [il] is ‘one’, and [dae] between [sam] and [il] is ‘to’, and [ro] is the same as a presposion in English, which has several meanings case by case, such as, ‘as, with, by, or on etc.’ So, 3(sam)[dae] 1(il)로 is ‘by 3 to 1’ And [ji-da], which means ‘to lose’ is changed into [ji-go it-seo-yo], because if you replace [da] with [go it-seo-yo], this means the present progressive form. So, [u-ri tim-i 3(sam)dae 1(il)ro ji-go it-seo-yo] ‘Our team is losing by 3 to 1’. No. 69 is [ga-ib-ha-da], which means ‘to join’. [dang-sin-i weon-ha-sin-da-myeon eon-je-deun-ji u-ri dong-a-ri-e ga-ib-ha-sil su it-seub-ni-da] ‘You can join our club whenever you want to’. [dang-sin] is ‘you’, and [i] is the subjective case, and the next word [weon-ha-sin-da-myeon] came from a verb, [weon-ha-da], which means ‘to want’, but the letter [sin] between [ha] and [da] is used to express an honorific form, and the last letter [myeon] is the conditional conjunction, ‘if’, and [eon-je-deun-ji] is ‘whenever’, so [dang-sin-i weon-ha-sin-da-myeon eon-je-deun-ji] is ‘whenever you want to’. And the next word [u-ri] is ‘our’, and [dong-a-ri] is ‘club’, and [e] behind [dong-a-ri] is a postposition, which means ‘at, or into’. And the next word [ga-ib-ha-sil su it-seub-ni-da] came from [ga-ib-ha-da]. If you remove [da], and place [sil], this [sil] represents an honorific form, and [su it-seub-ni-da] is the same as ‘can’, so [ga-ib-ha-sil su it-seub-ni-da] is ‘can join’. So, [u-ri dong-a-ri-e ga-ib-ha-sil su it-seub-ni-da] is ‘you can join our club’. So, [dang-sin-i weon-ha-sin-da-myeon eon-je-deun-ji u-ri dong-a-ri-e ga-ib-ha-sil su it-seub-ni-da] ‘You can join our club whenever you want to’. No. 70 is [cham-yeo-ha-da], which means ‘to participate in’. [jeo-do ja-weon bong-sa hwal-dong-e cham-yeo-haet-seub-ni-da] ‘I also participated in volunteer work’. The first word [jeo-do] is ‘I also’, [jeo] is ‘I’, and [do] is ‘also’, and [ja-weon bong-sa hwal-dong] is ‘volunteer work’. And the reason why [cham-yeo-ha-da] is changed into [cham-yeo-haet-seub-ni-da] is when you remove [ha-da], and place [haet], this [haet] represents the past tense, and [seub-ni-da] is an honorific form. So, [jeo-do ja-weon bong-sa hwal-dong-e cham-yeo-haet-seub-ni-da] ‘I also participated in volunteer work’. No. 71 is [bil-li-da], which means ‘to borrow’, and [bil-lyeo-ju-da] is ‘to lend’. In English, these two words look totally different, but in Korean, they look similar, so they are kind of confusing. Here is an example, [geu-neun eun-haeng-e-seo keun don-eul bil-lyeot-seub-ni-da]. ‘He borrowed a large sum from the bank’. [geu-neun] is ‘he’, and [eun-haeng] is ‘bank’, and [e-seo] is ‘from’, so [eun-haeng-e-seo] is ‘from the bank’. [keun] is ‘large, or big’, and [don] is ‘money’. And [bil-li-da] is changed into [bil-lyeot-seub-ni-da] is when you replace [li] with [lyeot], this [lyeot] represents the past tense, and [seub-ni-da] behind it is an honorific form. So, [geu-neun eun-haeng-e-seo keun don-eul bil-lyeot-seub-ni-da]. ‘He borrowed a large sum from the bank’. And the second example is [jeo-e-ge man-weon-man bil-lyeo-ju-sib-si-o]. ‘Please, lend me just ten thousand won’. The first word [jeo-e-ge], [jeo] is an honorific word of [na]. Actually, both [jeo] and [na] mean ‘I, or me’, and [e-ge] is a postposition for the objective case. And [man] is ‘ten thousand’, and [weon] is the monetary unit of Korea. And you can also see [man] behind [man-weon]. This [man] means ‘only, or just’, so [man-weon-man] is ‘just ten thousand won, or ten thousan won only’. And as you can see, [bil-lyeo-ju-da] is changed into [bil-lyeo-ju-sib-si-o]. If we remove [da], and place [sib-si-o], this is an expression of request. So, [jeo-e-ge man-weon-man bil-lyeo-ju-sib-si-o]. ‘Please, lend me just ten thousand won’. No. 72 is [bo-da], which means ‘to see, look at, or watch something’. [jeo-neun geu-nyeo-ga geu geon-mul an-eu-ro deul-eo-ga-neun geot-seul bo-at-seub-ni-da]. ‘I saw her entering the building’. [jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and [geu-nyeo] is ‘she, or her’, and [geu geon-mul] is ‘the building’, [geu] is ‘the’, and [geon-mul] is ‘building’, and [an-eu-ro] is ‘into’. And the next word [deul-eo-ga-neun geot] is ‘entering’, and [eul] is the objective particle. So, [deul-eo-ga-neun geot-seul] is the object of [bo-at-seub-ni-da], which means ‘saw’. In fact, the fact that [deul-eo-ga-neun geot-seul] is the object of [bo-at-seub-ni-da] is by the standard of Korean language grammar. Anyway, the reason why [bo-da] is changed into [bo-at-seub-ni-da] is that if we remove [da], and place [at], this [at] represents the past tense, and when we place [seub-ni-da] behind [at], this is an honorific form of predicate expression. [jeo-neun geu-nyeo-ga geu geon-mul an-eu-ro deul-eo-ga-neun geot-seul bo-at-seub-ni-da]. ‘I saw her entering the building’. No. 73 is [eui-mi-ha-da], which means ‘to mean, or signify’. [dang-sin-e-ge salm-eun mu-eot-seul eui-mi-hab-ni-gga?] ‘What does life mean to you?’ [dang-sin] is ‘you’, and [e-ge] is ‘to’, so [dang-sin-e-ge] is ‘to you’. [salm] is ‘life’, and [eun] is the subjective particle. [mu-eot] is ‘what’, an interrogative pronoun, and [eul] is the objective case. And [eui-mi-hab-ni-gga?] is an interrogative sentence form of the verb, [eui-mi-ha-da], which means ‘to mean’. So, [dang-sin-e-ge salm-eun mu-eot-seul eui-mi-hab-ni-gga?] ‘What does life mean to you?’ No. 74 is [chi-da], which means ‘to hit something’. [geu-ga hom-reon-eul chyeot-seub-ni-da]. ‘He hit a home run’. [geu-ga] is ‘he’. As I told you several times, [geu] is ‘he’, and [ga] is the subjective case. And [hom-reon] is written as it sounds, and [eul] is the objective particle. And the next word, [chyeot-seub-ni-da] came from a verb, [chi-da], which means ‘to hit’. The reason why [chi-da] is changed into [chyeot-seub-ni-da] is that chyeot-da] is the past tense form of [chi-da]. If we replace [chi] with [chyeo] and place the final sound, double [si-ot], what we Koreans call [ssang-si-ot] under [chyeo], this double [si-ot] represents the past tense form. And [seub-ni-da] behind [chyeot] is an honorific form of predicate. So, [geu-ga hom-reon-eul chyeot-seub-ni-da]. ‘He hit a home run’. No. 75 is [gi-chim-ha-da], which means ‘to cough’. [mun-je-neun geu-ga ja-ju gi-chim-han-da-neun geot-sib-ni-da]. ‘The problem is that he often coughs’. [mun-je] is ‘the problem’, and [neun] is the subjcetive case, and [geu-ga] is ‘he’, and [ja-ju] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘often’. And [gi-chim-ha-da] is changed into [gi-chim-han-da-neun geot] in order to make a noun form, and [ib-ni-da] is placed behind it in order to express a predicate. So, [mun-je-neun geu-ga ja-ju gi-chim-han-da-neun geot-sib-ni-da]. ‘The problem is that he often coughs’. No. 76 is [heui-mang-ha-da], [gal-mang-ha-da], which means ‘to hope, and crave for’. [geu-nyeo-neun chwi-eob-eui hab-gyeok-eul gal-mang-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘She craves for the passing of a job’. [geu-nyeo] is ‘she’, and [neun] is the subjective case. The next word [chwi-eob-eui hab-gyeok] is ‘the passing of a job’, [chwi-eob] is ‘employment’, and [eui] is a genitive case, so is the same as ‘of’. And [hab-gyeok] is ‘passing’, so [chwi-eob-eui hab-gyeok] is ‘the passing of a job’, and [eul] is the objective particle. So, [chwi-eob-eui hab-gyeok-eul] is the object of the verb, [gal-mang-ha-da], right? And gal-mang-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] came from [gal-mang-ha-da], which means ‘to crave for’. If we replace [da] with [go], and place [it-seub-ni-da] behind it, this expression is used in order to make present progressive form. So, [geu-nyeo-neun chwi-eob-eui hab-gyeok-eul gal-mang-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘She craves for the passing of a job’. No. 77 is [weon-ha-da], and [so-weon-ha-da]. There is difference between [weon-ha-da] and [so-weon-ha-da]. [weon-ha-da] means ‘to want’, and [so-weon-ha-da] is ‘to wish’. As you can distinguish the difference between ‘want’ and ‘wish’, the difference between [weon-ha-da] and [so-weon-ha-da] is the same. [jeo-neun dang-sin-i na-eui ib-jang-eul i-hae-ha-gi-reul weon-hab-ni-da]. ‘I want you to understand my position’. [jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and [dang-sin-i] is ‘you’, and [na-eui] is ‘my’, and [ib-jang] is ‘position’, and [eul] is the objective particle, and [i-hae-ha-gi-reul] came from [i-hae-ha-da], which means ‘to understand’. And as I have mentioned several times before, all the verbs end with [da], but if we replace [da] with [gi], that is a noun form of the verb. So, [i-hae-ha-gi] is the noun form of [i-hae-ha-da], and [reul] is the objective case. And the last word [weon-hab-ni-da] is an honorific form. This is how. As you can see, if we remove [da], and place the consonant [bi-eub] under [ha], and place [ni-da] behind it, that is to say, [weon-hab-ni-da] is an honorific form of [weon-ha-da]. So, [jeo-neun dang-sin-i na-eui ib-jang-eul i-hae-ha-gi-reul weon-hab-ni-da]. ‘I want you to understand my position’. And the second example is [gue eo-lin so-nyeo-neun sae-cheo-leom nal-a-gal su it-gi-reul so-weon-hab-ni-da]. ‘The little girl wishes to be able to fly like a bird’. [geu] is ‘The’, and [eo-lin] is ‘little’, and [so-nyeo] is ‘girl’, and [neun] is the subjective particle. So, [gue eo-lin so-nyeo-neun] is ‘The little girl’, right? And [sae-cheo-leom] is the same as ‘like a bird’, [sae] is ‘bird’, and [cheo-leom] is ‘like something’, so [sae-cheo-leom] is ‘like a bird’. And [nal-a-gal su it-gi-reul] came from [nal-a-ga-da], which means ‘to fly’, and [nal-a-gal su it-gi] is ‘to be able to fly’, because [su it-gi] is the same as ‘can’, and [reul] is the objective case. And the last word [so-weon-hab-ni-da] is an honorific form of [so-weon-ha-da]. So, [gue eo-lin so-nyeo-neun sae-cheo-leom nal-a-gal su it-gi-reul so-weon-hab-ni-da]. ‘The little girl wishes to be able to fly like a bird’. No. 78 is [gi-eo-o-reu-da], which means ‘to climb’. [geu-deul-eun bing-byeok-eul gi-eo-o-reu-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘They are climbing the ice wall’. [geu-deul] is ‘they’, and [eun] is the subjective particle. And [bing-byeok] is ‘ice wall’, [bing] means ‘ice’, and [byeok] means ‘wall’, and [eul] is the objective case. And [gi-eo-o-reu-go it-seub-ni-da] came from [gi-eo-o-reu-da], which means ‘to climb’. If we replace [da] with [go], and place [it-seub-ni-da] behind it, this expression is used in order to make present progressive form. So, [geu-deul-eun bing-byeok-eul gi-eo-o-reu-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘They are climbing the ice wall’. No. 79 is [deul-eo ol-li-da], which means ‘to raise, or lift’. [geu-ga han son-eu-ro geu-eui a-deul-eul deul-eo ol-li-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘He is lifting his son with one hand’. [geu-ga] is ‘he’, and [han] is ‘one’, and [son] is ‘hand’, and [eu-ro] is ‘with’, so [han son-eu-ro] is the same as ‘with one hand’, right? And [geu-eui] is ‘his’, and [a-deul] is ‘son’, and [eul] is the objective particle. And as we have learned several times, [deul-eo ol-li-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of [deul-eo ol-li-da], right? We replace [da] with [go], and place [it-seub-ni-da] behind it, right? So, [geu-ga han son-eu-ro geu-eui a-deul-eul deul-eo ol-li-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘He is lifting his son with one hand’. No. 80 is [geom-sa-ha-da], which means ‘to examine, or inspect’. [han se-gwan-weon-i geu-eui ga-bang-eul se-gwan-e-seo cheol-jeo-ha-ge geom-sa-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘A customs official is inspecting his bag thoroughly at the customs office’. [han] is ‘one’, and [se-gwan-weon] is ‘customs official’, and [i] is the subjective case. [geu-eui] is ‘his’, and [ga-bang] is ‘bag’, and [eul] is the objective particle. And the next word [se-gwan] is ‘customs office’, and [e-seo] is a preposition indicating a place, ‘at’, so [se-gwan-e-seo] is the same as ‘at the customs office’, right? And the next word [cheol-jeo-ha-ge] is an adverb, which means ‘completely, or thoroughly’. And [geom-sa-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is also the present progressive form of [geom-sa-ha-da]. So, [han se-gwan-weon-i geu-eui ga-bang-eul se-gwan-e-seo cheol-jeo-ha-ge geom-sa-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. ‘A customs official is inspecting his bag thoroughly at the customs office’. OK, we have finished, as I told you, you’d better watch this video at least three times. OK, let’s call it a day. I’ll see you next time, bye.