K-Voca 10,000 Project-005[0081~0100]

No 81 is [jo-sa-ha-da], which means to investigate, or look into. [dam-dang-hyeong-sa-ga geu sa-geon-eul cheol-jeo-ha-ge jo-sa-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. The detective in charge is conducting a thorough investigation into the case. [dam-dang] is ‘in charge’, and [hyeong-sa] is ‘a detective’, so [dam-dang-hyeong-sa] is ‘The detective in charge’, right? [geu] is ‘the’ and [sa-geon] is ‘case’, so [geu sa-geon] is ‘the case’, and [cheol-jeo-ha-ge] is ‘thoroughly’, and [jo-sa-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da] is the present progressive form of [jo-sa-ha-da], so [dam-dang-hyeong-sa-ga geu sa-geon-eul cheol-jeo-ha-ge jo-sa-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. The detective in charge is conducting a thorough investigation into the case.

No 82 is 진찰하다, 진단하다[jin-chal-ha-da, jin-dan-ha-da], which means to examine, or diagnose. 의사 선생님이 그녀를 진찰하고 있습니다[eui-sa seon-saeng-nim-i geu-nyeo-reul jin-chal-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The doctor is examining her. 의사[eui-sa] is ‘a doctor’, and 선생님[seon-saeng-nim] is actually ‘a teacher’, but we Koreans use the term 선생님[seon-saeng-nim] behind a doctor as an honorific title, so 의사 선생님[eui-sa seon-saeng-nim] is ‘a doctor’, and 그녀를[geu-nyeo-reul] is ‘her’, and 진찰하고 있습니다[jin-chal-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 진찰하다[jin-chal-ha-da], so 의사 선생님이 그녀를 진찰하고 있습니다[eui-sa seon-saeng-nim-i geu-nyeo-reul jin-chal-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The doctor is examining her.

No 83 is 인사하다[in-sa-ha-da], which means to say hello, or greet. 학생들이 그들의 선생님에게 인사합니다[hak-saeng-deul-i geu-deul-eui seon-saeng-nim-e-ge in-sa-hab-ni-da]. Students are saying hello to their teacher. 학생[hak-saeng] is ‘student’, and 들[deul] is a postposition which represents plural, and 이 is the subjective particle. 그들의[geu-deul-eui] is ‘their’, and 선생님[seon-saeng-nim] is ‘a teacher’, so 그들의 선생님[geu-deul-eui seon-saeng-nim] is ‘their teacher’, and 에게[e-ge] is ‘to’. So, 학생들이 그들의 선생님에게 인사합니다[hak-saeng-deul-i geu-deul-eui seon-saeng-nim-e-ge in-sa-hab-ni-da]. Students are saying hello to their teacher.

No 84 is 회복하다[hwoi-bok-ha-da], which means to recover, or get well. 나의 친구가 병원에서 회복하고 있는 중입니다[na-eui chin-gu-ga byeong-weon-e-seo hwoi-bok-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. My friend is recovering at the hospital. 나의[na-eui] is my, and 친구[chin-gu] is ‘a friend’, 가[ga] is the subjective case, and 병원[byeong-weon] is ‘a hospital’, and에서[e-seo] is ‘at’, so 병원에서[byeong-weon-e-seo] is ‘at the hospital’, and 회복하고 있는 중입니다[hwoi-bok-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 회복하다[hwoi-bok-ha-da]. So, 나의 친구가 병원에서 회복하고 있는 중입니다[na-eui chin-gu-ga byeong-weon-e-seo hwoi-bok-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. My friend is recovering at the hospital.

No 85 is 반하다[ban-ha-da], which means to fall for, or fall in love with somebody. 그가 그녀에게 완전히 반했습니다[geu-ga geu-nyeo-e-ge woan-jeon-hi ban-haet-seub-ni-da]. He completely fell for her. 그가[geu-ga] is ‘He’, and 그녀에게[geu-nyeo-e-ge] is ‘for her’, and 완전히[woan-jeon-hi] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘completely’, and 반했습니다[ban-haet-seub-ni-da] is the past tense form of 반하다[ban-ha-da]. So, 그가 그녀에게 완전히 반했습니다[geu-ga geu-nyeo-e-ge woan-jeon-hi ban-haet-seub-ni-da]. He completely fell for her.

No 86 is 짖다[jit-da], which means to bark. 그 개가 짖고 있습니다[geu gae-ga jit-go it-seub-ni-da]. The dog is barking. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 개[gae] is ‘a dog’, so 그 개[geu gae] is ‘the dog’, and 짖고 있습니다[jit-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 짖다[jit-da]. So, 그 개가 짖고 있습니다[geu gae-ga jit-go it-seub-ni-da]. The dog is barking.

No 87 is 판단하다[pan-dan-ha-da], which means to judge. 당신은 그 문제를 신중하게 판단해야 합니다[dang-sin-eun geu mun-je-reul sin-jung-ha-ge pan-dan-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. You must judge the matter carefully. 당신[dang-sin] is ‘you’, and 은[eun] is the subjective case, and 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 문제[mun-je] is ‘a problem’. And 신중하게[sin-jung-ha-ge] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘carefully, or seriously’. And the reason why 판단하다[pan-dan-ha-da] is changed into 판단해야 합니다[pan-dan-hae-ya hab-ni-da] is that if the basic form of every Korean verb, 하다[ha-da] is changed into 해야한다[hae-ya-han-da], that is the same as ‘must’, and 해야합니다[hae-ya hab-ni-da] is an honorific form of 해야한다[hae-ya-han-da]. So, 판단해야 합니다[pan-dan-hae-ya hab-ni-da] is ‘must judge’. So, 당신은 그 문제를 신중하게 판단해야 합니다[dang-sin-eun geu mun-je-reul sin-jung-ha-ge pan-dan-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. You must judge the matter carefully.

No 88 is 끓다, 끓이다[ggeul-da, ggeul-i-da], which means to boil. 주전자에서 물이 끓고 있습니다[ju-jeon-ja-e-seo mul-i ggeul-ko it-seub-ni-da]. Water is boiling in the kettle. 주전자[ju-jeon-ja] is ‘a kettle’, and에서[e-seo] is ‘in’, so 주전자에서[ju-jeon-ja-e-seo] is ‘in the kettle’, and 물[mul] is ‘water’, and 이[i] is the subjective case, and 끓고 있습니다[ggeul-ko it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 끓다[ggeul-da]. So, 주전자에서 물이 끓고 있습니다[ju-jeon-ja-e-seo mul-i ggeul-ko it-seub-ni-da]. Water is boiling in the kettle.

No 89 is 고통스러워하다[go-tong-seu-reo-weo-ha-da], which means to be in pain. 그 소년이 넘어져서 고통스러워하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeon-i neom-eo-jyeo-seo go-tong-seu-reo-weo-ha-go it-sub-ni-da]. The boy is suffering from a fall. 그 소년[geu so-nyeon] is ‘the boy’, and 넘어져서[neom-eo-jyeo-seo] came from 넘어지다[neom-eo-ji-da], which means ‘to fall down’. And the reason why 넘어지다[neom-eo-ji-da] is changed into 넘어져서[neom-eo-jyeo-seo] is that 져서[jyeo-seo] is the expression indicating the cause. So, 넘어져서[neom-eo-jyeo-seo] is the same as ‘from a fall’. And 고통스러워하고 있습니다[go-tong-seu-reo-weo-ha-go it-sub-ni-da] is also the present progressive form of 고통스러워하다[go-tong-seu-reo-weo-ha-da]. So, 그 소년이 넘어져서 고통스러워하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeon-i neom-eo-jyeo-seo go-tong-seu-reo-weo-ha-go it-sub-ni-da]. The boy is suffering from a fall.

No 90 is 교육하다[gyo-yuk-ha-da], which means to educate, or teach. 한 선생님이 학생들을 교육하고 있는 중입니다[han seon-saeng-nim-i hak-saeng-deul-eul gyo-yuk-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. A teacher is teaching students. 한[han] means ‘one’, and 선생님[seon-saeng-nim] is ‘teacher’, and 학생[hak-saeng] is ‘student’, and 들[deul] is the postposition representing the plural form, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 교육하고 있는 중입니다[gyo-yuk-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 교육하다[gyo-yuk-ha-da]. So, 한 선생님이 학생들을 교육하고 있는 중입니다[han seon-saeng-nim-i hak-saeng-deul-eul gyo-yuk-ha-go it-neun jung-ib-ni-da]. A teacher is teaching students.

No 91 is 배우다[bae-u-da], which means to learn. 한 소녀가 그녀의 친구로부터 무언가를 배우고 있습니다[han so-nyeo-ga geu-nyeo-eui chin-gu-ro-bu-teo mu-eon-ga-reul bae-u-go it-seub-ni-da]. A girl is learning something from her friend. 한[han] is ‘one’, and 소녀[so-nyeo] is ‘a girl’, and 가[ga] is the subjective particle. 그녀의[geu-nyeo-eui] is ‘her’, a genitive case. And 친구[chin-gu] is ‘a friend’, and the three letters behind 친구[chin-gu], that is to say, 로부터[ro-bu-teo] is ‘from’. And 무언가[mu-eon-ga] is ‘something’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. And 배우고 있습니다[bae-u-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 배우다[bae-u-da]. So, 한 소녀가 그녀의 친구로부터 무언가를 배우고 있습니다[han so-nyeo-ga geu-nyeo-eui chin-gu-ro-bu-teo mu-eon-ga-reul bae-u-go it-seub-ni-da]. A girl is learning something from her friend.

No 92 is 공격하다[gong-gyeok-ha-da], which means to attack. 군인들이 테러범을 공격하고 있습니다[gun-in-deul-i te-reo-beom-eul gong-gyeok-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. Soldiers are attacking terrorists. 군인[gun-in] is ‘a soldier’, and 들[deul] is plural, and 이[i] is the subjective case. 테러[te-reo] is the word written as it sounds as English word, terrorism, and the letter, 범[beom] is shortened form of 범인[beom-in], which means ‘a criminal’, and 을[eul] is the objective particle. And 공격하고 있습니다[gong-gyeok-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 공격하다[gong-gyeok-ha-da]. So, 군인들이 테러범을 공격하고 있습니다[gun-in-deul-i te-reo-beom-eul gong-gyeok-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. Soldiers are attacking terrorists.

No 93 is 방어하다[bang-eo-ha-da], which means to defend. 우리는 각종 세균들로부터 우리의 몸을 방어해야 합니다[u-ri-neun gak-jong se-gyun-deul-ro-bu-teo u-ri-eui mom-eul bang-eo-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. We must defend our bodies against all kinds of germs. 우리는[u-ri-neun] is ‘we’, and 각종[gak-jong] is ‘all kinds of’, and 세균[se-gyun] is ‘a germ’, and 들[deul] means plural. And 로부터[ro-bu-teo] is ‘from’. 우리의[u-ri-eui] is the genitive form of ‘we’, so its meaning is ‘our’, right? And 몸[mom] is ‘body’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And as we learned No. 87, 판단하다[pan-dan-ha-da], if the basic form of every Korean verb, 하다[ha-da] is changed into 해야 한다[hae-ya han-da], that is the same as ‘must’, and 해야 합니다[hae-ya hab-ni-da] is an honorific form of 해야 한다[hae-ya han-da]. So, 방어해야 합니다[bang-eo-hae-ya hab-ni-da] is ‘must defend’, right? 우리는 각종 세균들로부터 우리의 몸을 방어해야 합니다[u-ri-neun gak-jong se-gyun-deul-ro-bu-teo u-ri-eui mom-eul bang-eo-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. We must defend our bodies against all kinds of germs.

No 94 is 기대하다[gi-dae-ha-da], which means to expect. 그 소녀는 선물을 받을 것이라고 기대하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeo-neun seon-mul-eul bat-eul geot-si-ra-go gi-dae-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The girl is expecting to receive a gift. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 소녀[so-nyeo] is ‘girl’, so 그 소녀[geu so-nyeo] is ‘the girl’, and 는[neun] is the subjective case. And 선물[seon-mul] is ‘a gift’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And the next word is kind of complicated but that’s no big deal. All right, listen carefully. First, 받다[bat-da] is to receive, and when 받다[bat-da] is changed into 받을 것[bat-eul geot], 받을 것[bat-eul geot] is the noun form of the verb, 받다[bat-da]. And the second, 이라고[i-ra-go] is used as the postposition representing the objective case, so 받을 것이라고[bat-eul geot-si-ra-go] is the object of the verb, 기대하다[gi-dae-ha-da], so 받을 것이라고 기대하다[bat-eul geot-si-ra-go gi-dae-ha-da] is ‘to expect to receive’, and 기대하고 있습니다[gi-dae-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 기대하다[gi-dae-ha-da]. So, 그 소녀는 선물을 받을 것이라고 기대하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeo-neun seon-mul-eul bat-eul geot-si-ra-go gi-dae-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The girl is expecting to receive a gift.

No 95 is 예상하다[ye-sang-ha-da], which means to anticipate. 한 강아지가 그의 주인이 집으로 돌아올 것이라고 예상하는 것 같습니다[han gang-a-ji-ga geu-eui ju-in-i jib-eu-ro dol-a-ol-geot-si-ra-go ye-sang-ha-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da]. It seems that a puppy expects his owner to come back home. 한[han] is as you know, ‘one’, I have told you several times, right? 강아지[gang-a-ji] is ‘a puppy’, and 가[ga] is the subjective case. 그의[geu-eui] is the genitive case of ‘he’, so 그의[geu-eui] is ‘his’, right? 주인[ju-in] is ‘owner’, so 그의 주인[geu-eui ju-in] is ‘his owner’, and 이[i] is the subjective case. And 집으로[jib-eu-ro] is an adverb, ‘home’, and 돌아올 것[dol-a-ol-geot] is the noun form of the verb, ‘돌아오다’[dol-a-o-da], which means to come back. And we learned 이라고[i-ra-go] at the previous word, no. 94, right? So, 돌아올 것이라고[dol-a-ol-geot-si-ra-go] is the object of the verb behind, 예상하다[ye-sang-ha-da]. And as I told you, 예상하는 것[ye-sang-ha-neun geot] is the noun form of 예상하다[ye-sang-ha-da]. And the final word, 같습니다[gat-seub-ni-da] is ‘It seems that blablabla’. So, 한 강아지가 그의 주인이 집으로 돌아올 것이라고 예상하는 것 같습니다[han gang-a-ji-ga geu-eui ju-in-i jib-eu-ro dol-a-ol-geot-si-ra-go ye-sang-ha-neun geot gat-seub-ni-da]. It seems that a puppy expects his owner to come back home.

No 96 is 의심하다[eui-sim-ha-da], which means to doubt, or suspect. 그는 그의 아내를 의심하고 있습니다[geu-neun geu-eui a-ne-reul eui-sim-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. He suspects his wife. 그는[geu-neun] is ‘he’, and as we learned, 그의[geu-eui] is ‘his’, and 아내[a-ne] is ‘a wife’, and 를 is the objective case. So, 그는 그의 아내를 의심하고 있습니다[geu-neun geu-eui a-ne-reul eui-sim-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. He suspects his wife.

No 97 is 보호하다[bo-ho-ha-da], which means to protect. 어미 원숭이가 자기의 새끼를 보호하고 있습니다[eo-mi weon-sung-i-ga ja-gi-eui sae-ggi-reul bo-ho-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The mother monkey is protecting her baby. 어미[eo-mi] is ‘a mother’, but this word is not used for human being, but for only animals. And 원숭이[weon-sung-i] is ‘a monkey’, so 어미 원숭이[eo-mi weon-sung-i] is ‘the mother monkey’, and 자기의[ja-gi-eui] is the same as 자신의[ja-sin-eui], and they are used for indicating genitive case, and 새끼[sae-ggi] means ‘a baby’, so 자기의 새끼[ja-gi-eui sae-ggi] is ‘her baby’, right? By the way, this 새끼[sae-ggi] can cause serious misunderstanding between its speaker and listener. When 새끼[sae-ggi] means a baby, this word is used only for animals, not human being. So, when you, as a human being, use this word for human, this word could sound absolutely insulting. So, 어미 원숭이가 자기의 새끼를 보호하고 있습니다[eo-mi weon-sung-i-ga ja-gi-eui sae-ggi-reul bo-ho-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. The mother monkey is protecting her baby.

No 98 is 빚지다[bit-ji-da], which means to owe. 나는 그에게 백만 원을 빚졌습니다[na-neun geu-e-ge baek-man weon-eul bit-jyeot-seub-ni-da]. I owe him a million won. 나는[na-neun] is ‘I’, and 그에게[geu-e-ge] is ‘him’, and 백만[baek-man] is ‘million’, and 원[weon] is the monetary unit of Korea. And 빚졌습니다[bit-jyeot-seub-ni-da] is the honorific expression of 빚지다[bit-ji-da]. So, 나는 그에게 백만 원을 빚졌습니다[na-neun geu-e-ge baek-man weon-eul bit-jyeot-seub-ni-da]. I owe him a million won.

No 99 is 신세지다[sin-se-ji-da], which means to owe, but unlike the previous word, 빚지다[bit-ji-da], which means to get help financially, 신세지다[sin-se-ji-da] is not getting help with money, but getting help in other ways. 당신에게 신세진 것을 잊지 않을 것입니다[dang-sin-e-ge sin-se-jin-geot-seul it-ji an-eul geot-sib-ni-da]. I won’t forget that I owe you one. 당신[dang-sin] is ‘you’, and 에게[e-ge] is used for indicating the objective case. And 신세진 것[sin-se-jin-geot] is the noun form of 신세지다[sin-se-ji-da], and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 잊지 않을 것입니다[it-ji an-eul geot-sib-ni-da] came from a verb, 잊다[it-da], which means to forget, and when you want to express this word in the negative sentence, 잊다[it-da] is changed into 잊지않다[it-ji-an-ta], which means ‘not to forget’. And if you remove 다[da], and place 을 것입니다[eul geot-sib-ni-da] behind, that is to say, 잊지 않을 것입니다[it-ji an-eul geot-sib-ni-da] is ‘will not forget’. So, 당신에게 신세진 것을 잊지 않을 것입니다[dang-sin-e-ge sin-se-jin-geot-seul it-ji an-eul geot-sib-ni-da]. I won’t forget that I owe you one.

No 100 is 오르다, 올라가다[o-reu-da, ol-la-ga-da], which means to go up, rise, or climb. If you remember it, we learned 기어오르다[gi-eo-o-reu-da], which means to climb at the previous lecture, no. 78. But 오르다[o-reu-da], and 올라가다[ol-la-ga-da], these two words have several meanings case by case. That is to say, to go up, rise, or climb. 대학 등록금이 많이 올랐습니다[dae-hak deung-rok-geum-i man-i ol-lat-seub-ni-da]. University tuition has gone up a lot. 대학[dae-hak] is ‘a university’, and 등록금[deung-rok-geum] is ‘tuition’, and 많이[man-i] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘a lot, or much’. And when 올라가다[ol-la-ga-da] is changed into 올랐습니다[ol-lat-seub-ni-da], this is used in order to indicate both the past tense and the present perfect tense. So, 대학 등록금이 많이 올랐습니다[dae-hak deung-rok-geum-i man-i ol-lat-seub-ni-da]. University tuition has gone up a lot. OK, we have finished, as I told you, you’d better watch this video at least three times. OK, let’s call it a day. I’ll see you next time, bye.