K-Voca 10,000 Project-008[0141~0160]

All right, we gonna start from no. 141 to 160.

No. 141 is 칭찬하다[ching-chan-ha-da], which means ‘to praise’. 그는 그의 아들에게 칭찬하고 있습니다[geu-neun gue-eui a-deul-e-ge ching-chan-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He is praising his son.” 그는[geu-neun] is ‘he’, and 그의[gue-eui] is the genitive case of ‘he’, so 그의[gue-eui] is ‘his’, right? 아들[a-deul] is ‘a son’ And 에게[e-ge] is a kind of postposition indicating the objective case. 칭찬하고 있습니다[ching-chan-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 칭찬하다[ching-chan-ha-da], which means ‘to praise’. So, 그는 그의 아들에게 칭찬하고 있습니다[geu-neun gue-eui a-deul-e-ge ching-chan-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He is praising his son.”

No. 142 is 의사소통하다[eui-sa-so-tong-ha-da], which means ‘to communicate’. 우리는 SNS로 의사소통합니다[u-ri-neun SNS-ro eui-sa-so-tong-hab-ni-da]. “We communicate through SNS.” 우리는[u-ri-neun] is ‘we’, and 로[ro] is a kind of postposition similar to ‘through’ in English, so SNS로[SNS-ro] is ‘through SNS’. And the reason why 의사소통하다[eui-sa-so-tong-ha-da] is changed into 의사소통합니다[eui-sa-so-tong-hab-ni-da] is 합니다[hab-ni-da] is used as the predicate of the sentence.

No. 143 is 결심하다[gyeol-sim-ha-da], which means ‘to decide’. 그는 새로운 사업을 시작하기로 결심했습니다[geu-neun sae-ro-un sa-eop-eul si-jak-ha-gi-ro gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da]. “He decided to start a new business.” 새로운[sae-ro-un] is an adjective meaning ‘new’, and 사업[sa-eop] is the same as ‘business’, so 새로운 사업[sae-ro-un sa-eop] is ‘a new business’, and 을[eul] is the objective case, which means 새로운 사업[sae-ro-un sa-eop] is the object of the verb, 시작하다[si-jak-ha-da], which means ‘to start, or begin’. 시작하다[si-jak-ha-da] is changed into 시작하기[si-jak-ha-gi] in order to change the verb into a noun, and the letter 로[ro] is used as a postposition indicating 시작하기[si-jak-ha-gi] is the object of 결심하다[gyeol-sim-ha-da], which means ‘to decide’. 결심했습니다[gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da] is the past tense form of 결심하다[gyeol-sim-ha-da]. So, 결심했습니다[gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da] is ‘decided’, and 시작하기로 결심했습니다[si-jak-ha-gi-ro gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da] is ‘decided to start’, and 새로운 사업을 시작하기로 결심했습니다[sae-ro-un sa-eop-eul si-jak-ha-gi-ro gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da] is ‘decided to start a new business’. So, 그는 새로운 사업을 시작하기로 결심했습니다[geu-neun sae-ro-un sa-eop-eul si-jak-ha-gi-ro gyeol-sim-haet-seub-ni-da]. “He decided to start a new business.”

No. 144 is 결정하다[gyeol-jeong-ha-da], which means ‘to determine’. 당신은 어느 길로 가야할지 결정해야 합니다[dang-sin-eun eo-neu gil-ro ga-ya-hal-ji gyeol-jeong-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. “You have to decide which way to go.” 당신[dang-sin] is ‘you’, and 은[eun] is the subjective case. 어느[eo-neu] is ‘which’, and 길[gil] is ‘way’. 어느[eo-neu] is used as an interrogative adjective modifying the noun behind it, 길[gil], so 어느 길[eo-neu gil] is ‘which way’. 가야할지[ga-ya-hal-ji] came from 가다[ga-da], which means ‘to go’. By the way, 가다[ga-da] is changed into 가야할지[ga-ya-hal-ji]. This 야할지[ya-hal-ji] is a kind of postposition that is used to make a noun phrase, that is to say, 어느 길로 가야할지[eo-neu gil-ro ga-ya-hal-ji] is ‘which way to go’. And 결정해야 합니다[gyeol-jeong-hae-ya hab-ni-da] is ‘must decide’. So, 당신은 어느 길로 가야할지 결정해야 합니다[dang-sin-eun eo-neu gil-ro ga-ya-hal-ji gyeol-jeong-hae-ya hab-ni-da]. “You have to decide which way to go.”

No. 145 is 설명하다[seol-myeong-ha-da], which means ‘to explain’. 심판이 선수들에게 경기규칙을 설명하고 있습니다[sim-pan-i seon-su-deul-e-ge gyeong-gi-gyu-chik-eul seol-myeong-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “The referee is explaining the rules of the game to the players.” 심판[sim-pan] is ‘referee’, and 이[i] is the subjective case. 선수[seon-su] is ‘player’, and 들[deul] is a postposition indicating plural, and 에게[e-ge] is also a postposition representing the objective case, and is the same as a preposition in English, ‘to’, so 선수들에게[seon-su-deul-e-ge] is ‘to the players’, right? 경기[gyeong-gi] is ‘the game’, and 규칙[gyu-chik] is ‘the rules’, so 경기규칙[gyeong-gi-gyu-chik] is ‘the rules of the game’. And 설명하고 있습니다[seol-myeong-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 설명하다[seol-myeong-ha-da], which is ‘to explain’. So, 심판이 선수들에게 경기규칙을 설명하고 있습니다[sim-pan-i seon-su-deul-e-ge gyeong-gi-gyu-chik-eul seol-myeong-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “The referee is explaining the rules of the game to the players.”

No. 146 is 해명하다[hae-myeong-ha-da], which means ‘to elucidate’. 그 정치인이 자신의 스캔들을 해명하는 기자회견을 했습니다[geu jeong-chi-in-i ja-sin-eui seu-kaen-deul-eul hae-myeong-ha-neun gi-ja-hoi-gyeon-eul haet-seub-ni-da]. “The politician gave a press conference to elucidate his scandal.” As I have said several times before, 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 정치인[jeong-chi-in] is ‘a politician’, so 그 정치인[geu jeong-chi-in] is ‘the politician’, right? 자신의[ja-sin-eui] is a genitive case. 스캔들[seu-kaen-deul] is written as it sounds, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 해명하는 came from 해명하다, which is a verb, but when you replace 다 with 는, this 해명하는[hae-myeong-ha-neun] is modifying the noun behind it, 기자회견[gi-ja-hoi-gyeon], which is ‘a press conference’. 했습니다[haet-seub-ni-da] is the past tense form of 하다[ha-da], which means ‘to do’, but 기자회견을 하다[gi-ja-hoi-gyeon-eul ha-da] is ‘to give a press conference’. So, 그 정치인이 자신의 스캔들을 해명하는 기자회견을 했습니다[geu jeong-chi-in-i ja-sin-eui seu-kaen-deul-eul hae-myeong-ha-neun gi-ja-hoi-gyeon-eul haet-seub-ni-da]. “The politician gave a press conference to elucidate his scandal.”

No. 147 is 논쟁하다[non-jaeng-ha-da], which means ‘to argue’. 그 부부는 자주 논쟁하여 사이가 좋지 않습니다[geu bu-bu-neun ja-ju non-jaeng-ha-yeo sa-i-ga jo-chi an-seub-ni-da]. “The couple often argue, so they don't get along.” 부부[bu-bu] is ‘a couple’, so 그 부부[geu bu-bu] is ‘the couple’, right? And 자주[ja-ju] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘often’, and 논쟁하다[non-jaeng-ha-da] is ‘to argue’, and the letter 다[da] is replaced with 여[yeo] because this letter 여[yeo] means the cause, or reason. And 사이가 좋다[sa-i-ga jo-ta] is ‘get along’, and 좋지 않다[jo-chi an-ta] is the negation of 좋다[jo-ta], so 사이가 좋지 않습니다[sa-i-ga jo-chi an-seub-ni-da] is ‘don’t get along’. So, 그 부부는 자주 논쟁하여 사이가 좋지 않습니다[geu bu-bu-neun ja-ju non-jaeng-ha-yeo sa-i-ga jo-chi an-seub-ni-da]. “The couple often argue, so they don't get along.”

No. 148 is 늘이다[neul-i-da], which means ‘to elongate’. 그가 고무줄을 늘이고 있습니다[geu-ga go-mu-jul-eul neul-i-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He's elongating the rubber band.” 그가[geu-ga] is ‘he’, and 고무[go-mu] is ‘rubber’, and 줄[jul] is ‘band, string, or rope’, so 고무줄[go-mu-jul] is ‘rubber band’. And 늘이고 있습니다[neul-i-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 늘이다[neul-i-da], which is ‘to elongate’. So, 그가 고무줄을 늘이고 있습니다[geu-ga go-mu-jul-eul neul-i-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He's elongating the rubber band.”

No. 149 is 늘리다[neul-li-da], which means ‘to expand’. 우리는 점포를 두 개 더 열어서 사업을 늘려야 합니다[u-ri-neun jeom-po-reul du gae deo yeol-eo-seo sa-eop-eul neul-lyeo-ya hab-ni-da]. “We have to expand the business by opening two more stores.” This 늘리다[neul-li-da] looks similar to 늘이다[neul-i-da], so many Koreans also have difficulty in distinguish them. The previous word, 늘이다[neul-i-da] is ‘to elongate the length’, on the other hand, 늘리다[neul-li-da] is ‘to expand something abstract, such as amount, strength, range, or time etc.’ 우리는[u-ri-neun] is ‘we’, and 점포[jeom-po] is ‘store’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 두[du] is ‘two’, and 개[gae] is the unit of the number of things, and 더[deo] is ‘more’, and 열어서[yeol-eo-seo] came from 열다[yeol-da], which means ‘to open’, and 다[da] is replaced with 어서[eo-seo] in order to express purpose, or means, so 점포를 두 개 더 열어서[jeom-po-reul du gae deo yeol-eo-seo] is ‘by opening two more stores’. And 사업[sa-eop] is ‘business’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 늘려야 합니다[neul-lyeo-ya hab-ni-da] is ‘must expand’. So, 우리는 점포를 두 개 더 열어서 사업을 늘려야 합니다[u-ri-neun jeom-po-reul du gae deo yeol-eo-seo sa-eop-eul neul-lyeo-ya hab-ni-da]. “We have to expand the business by opening two more stores.”

No. 150 is 매다[mae-da], which has two meanings. The first one is ‘to tie, bind, fasten’ The second is ‘to carry with a bag on one’s back or shoulders’. 그가 신발끈을 매고 있습니다[geu-ga sin-bal-ggeun-eul mae-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He's tying his shoelaces.” 그녀가 가방을 매고 걸어갑니다[geu-nyeo-ga ga-bang-eul mae-go geol-eo-gab-ni-da]. “She's walking with a bag on her shoulder.” All right, the first sample sentence. 그가[geu-ga] is ‘he’, and 신발[sin-bal] is ‘shoes’, and 끈 is ‘string’, so 신발끈[sin-bal-ggeun] is ‘shoelaces’, right?, and 을 is the objective case. And 매고 있습니다[mae-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 매다[mae-da]. So, 그가 신발끈을 매고 있습니다[geu-ga sin-bal-ggeun-eul mae-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He's tying his shoelaces.” And the second sentence. 그녀가[geu-nyeo-ga] is ‘she’, and 가방[ga-bang] is ‘a bag’, and 을 is the objective case. 매고[mae-go] is used to express the state of an action. And 걸어갑니다[geol-eo-gab-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 걸어가다[geol-eo-ga-da], which means ‘to walk’. So, 그녀가 가방을 매고 걸어갑니다[geu-nyeo-ga ga-bang-eul mae-go geol-eo-gab-ni-da]. “She's walking with a bag on her shoulder.”

No. 151 is 묶다[muk-da], which means ‘to bind, tie, or tie up’. 오래된 신문들은 묶어서 보관하세요[o-lae-doin sin-mun-deul-eun muk-eo-seo bo-gwoan-ha-se-yo]. “Tie up old newspapers and keep them.” 오래된[o-lae-doin] is ‘old’, and 신문[sin-mun] is ‘newspaper’, and 들[deul] means plural, and 은[eun] is actually the subjective case, but this is also used to express an object is a topic in a sentence. The letter 다[da] in 묶다[muk-da] is replaced with 어서[eo-seo], which means ‘and’, and 보관하세요[bo-gwoan-ha-se-yo] came from 보관하다[bo-gwoan-ha-da], which means ‘to keep’, and 하세요[ha-se-yo] is a kind of postposition that is used to make an imperative sentence. So, 묶어서 보관하세요[muk-eo-seo bo-gwoan-ha-se-yo] is ‘Tie and Keep’ So, 오래된 신문들은 묶어서 보관하세요[o-lae-doin sin-mun-deul-eun muk-eo-seo bo-gwoan-ha-se-yo]. “Tie up old newspapers and keep them.”

No. 152 is 걸다, 걸어두다, 걸치다[geol-da, geol-eo-du-da, geol-chi-da], which means ‘to hang’. 저는 많은 액자들을 거실 벽에 걸어두었습니다[jeo-neun man-eun aek-ja-deul-eul geo-sil byeok-e geol-eo-du-eot-seub-ni-da]. “I hung many frames on the living room wall.” 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 많은[man-eun] is ‘many or much’, and 액자[aek-ja] is ‘a frame’, and 들[deul] means plural, so 많은 액자들[man-eun aek-ja-deul] is ‘many frames’, right? 거실[geo-sil] is ‘living room’, and 벽[byeok] is ‘wall’, and 에[e] is the same as ‘at, in, or on’, so 거실 벽에[geo-sil byeok-e] is ‘on the livingroom wall’. 걸어두었습니다[geol-eo-du-eot-seub-ni-da] is the past tense form of 걸어두다[geol-eo-du-da]. So, 저는 많은 액자들을 거실 벽에 걸어두었습니다[jeo-neun man-eun aek-ja-deul-eul geo-sil byeok-e geol-eo-du-eot-seub-ni-da]. “I hung many frames on the living room wall.”

No. 153 is 제공하다[jae-gong-ha-da], which means ‘to provide’. 저희 회사는 수익을 비트코인으로 제공합니다[jeo-heui hoi-sa-neun su-ik-eul bi-teu-ko-in-eu-ro je-gong-hab-ni-da]. “Our company provides revenue in bitcoin.” 저희[jeo-heui] is ‘our’, and 회사[hoi-sa] is ‘a company’, and 수익[su-ik] is ‘profit, or revenue’. 비트코인[bi-teu-ko-in] is written as it sounds, and 으로[eu-ro] is ‘in’. 제공합니다[je-gong-hab-ni-da] is an honorific predicate of 제공하다[jae-gong-ha-da]. So, 저희 회사는 수익을 비트코인으로 제공합니다[jeo-heui hoi-sa-neun su-ik-eul bi-teu-ko-in-eu-ro je-gong-hab-ni-da]. “Our company provides revenue in bitcoin.”

No. 154 is 수리하다[su-ri-ha-da], which means ‘to repair’. 그 배관공이 싱크대를 수리하고 있습니다[geu bae-gwoan-gong-i sing-keu-dae-reul su-ri-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “The plumber is repairing the sink.” 배관공[bae-gwoan-gong] is ‘a plumber’, and 싱크대[sing-keu-dae] is ‘the sink’. As you can guess 싱크[sing-keu] is written as it sounds, and the letter 대[dae] means ‘equipment, or facility’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 수리하고 있습니다[su-ri-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 수리하다[su-ri-ha-da]. So, 그 배관공이 싱크대를 수리하고 있습니다[geu bae-gwoan-gong-i sing-keu-dae-reul su-ri-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “The plumber is repairing the sink.”

No. 155 is 구부리다[gu-bu-ri-da], which means ‘to bend’. 등을 구부리지 말고 무릎을 구부리세요[deung-eul gu-bu-ri-ji mal-go mu-reup-eul gu-bu-ri-se-yo]. “Bend your knees instead of bending your back.” 등[deung] is ‘the back of the body’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 구부리지 말고[gu-bu-ri-ji mal-go] is the negation of the imperative sentence, so 등을 구부리지 말고[deung-eul gu-bu-ri-ji mal-go] is ‘instead of bending your back’. 무릎[mu-reup] is ‘knee’ 구부리세요[gu-bu-ri-se-yo] is the imperative sentence of 구부리다[gu-bu-ri-da]. So, 등을 구부리지 말고 무릎을 구부리세요[deung-eul gu-bu-ri-ji mal-go mu-reup-eul gu-bu-ri-se-yo]. “Bend your knees instead of bending your back.”

No. 156 is 섞다[seok-da], which means ‘to mix’. 저는 여러 가지 채소를 섞어서 샐러드를 만들었습니다[jeo-neun yeo-reo ga-ji chae-so-reul seok-eo-seo sael-leo-deu-reul man-deul-eot-seub-ni-da]. “I made a salad by mixing different vegetables.” 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 여러 가지[yeo-reo ga-ji] is ‘various, or different’, and 채소[chae-so] is ‘vegetable’. 섞어서[seok-eo-seo] came from 섞다[seok-da], which means ‘to mix’, and as I said at the sentence no. 149, 섞어서[seok-eo-seo] is ‘by mixing’. 다[da] is replaced with 어서[eo-seo] in order to express purpose, or means, so 섞어서[seok-eo-seo] is ‘by mixing’, right? 샐러드[sael-leo-deu] is written as it sounds, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 만들었습니다[man-deul-eot-seub-ni-da] is the past tense form of 만들다[man-deul-da], which means ‘to make’. So, 저는 여러 가지 채소를 섞어서 샐러드를 만들었습니다[jeo-neun yeo-reo ga-ji chae-so-reul seok-eo-seo sael-leo-deu-reul man-deul-eot-seub-ni-da]. “I made a salad by mixing different vegetables.”

No. 157 is 속하다[sok-ha-da], which means ‘to belong to’. 저는 그 그룹에 속합니다[jeo-neun geu geu-rup-e sok-hab-ni-da]. “I belong to that group.” 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 그[geu] is ‘the, or that’, and 에[e] is ‘to’. 속합니다[sok-hab-ni-da] is the predicate of 속하다[sok-ha-da]. So, 저는 그 그룹에 속합니다[jeo-neun geu geu-rup-e sok-hab-ni-da]. “I belong to that group.”

No. 158 is 창조하다[chang-jo-ha-da], which means ‘to create’. 우주를 누가 창조했는지 아시나요[u-ju-reul nu-ga chang-jo-haet-neun-ji a-si-na-yo]? “Do you know who created the universe?” 우주[[u-ju] is ‘universe’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 누가[nu-ga] is ‘who’, and 창조했는지[chang-jo-haet-neun-ji] came from 창조하다[chang-jo-ha-da], which means ‘to create’, and the letter 했[haet] represents the past tense, and 는지[neun-ji] is used as a kind of postposition that is used to make a noun phrase, that is to say, 우주를 누가 창조했는지[u-ju-reul nu-ga chang-jo-haet-neun-ji] is the same as ‘who created the universe’. And 아시나요[a-si-na-yo]? is ‘Do you know?’ So, 우주를 누가 창조했는지 아시나요[u-ju-reul nu-ga chang-jo-haet-neun-ji a-si-na-yo]? “Do you know who created the universe?”

No. 159 is 제거하다[je-geo-ha-da], which means ‘to remove’. 그가 지붕에 있는 눈을 제거하고 있습니다[geu-ga ji-bung-e it-neun nun-eul je-geo-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He is removing the snow from the roof.” 그가[geu-ga] is ‘he’, and 지붕[ji-bung] is ‘roof’, and 에[e] is a postposition indicating the place, or position, and 있는[it-neun] is modifying the noun behind it, 눈[nun], which means ‘snow’, and its meaning is ‘existing’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 제거하고 있습니다[je-geo-ha-go it-seub-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 제거하다[je-geo-ha-da], which means ‘to remove’. So, 그가 지붕에 있는 눈을 제거하고 있습니다[geu-ga ji-bung-e it-neun nun-eul je-geo-ha-go it-seub-ni-da]. “He is removing the snow from the roof.”

No. 160 is 벗다[beot-da], which means ‘to take off clothes, or clear off something’. 실내에서는 코트를 벗으세요[sil-nae-e-seo-neun ko-teu-reul beot-seu-se-yo]. “Take off your coat indoors.” 실내[sil-nae] is ‘inside of a house, or room’, and 에서는[e-seo-neun] makes 실내[sil-nae] an adverb, so 실내에서는[sil-nae-e-seo-neun] is ‘indoors’. 코트[ko-teu] is written as it sounds, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 벗으세요[beot-seu-se-yo] is an imperative sentence predicate of 벗다[beot-da], which means ‘to take off’. So, 실내에서는 코트를 벗으세요[sil-nae-e-seo-neun ko-teu-reul beot-seu-se-yo]. “Take off your coat indoors.”

OK, we have finished, as I told you, you’d better watch this video at least three times. OK, let’s call it a day. I’ll see you next time, bye.