K-Voca 10,000 Project-011[0201~0220]

All right, we gonna start from no. 201 to 220.

No. 201 is 닫다[dad-da], which means to close. 외출할 땐 문을 닫으세요.[woi-chul-hal ddaen mun-eul dad-eu-se-yo] Close the door when you go out. 외출하다[woi-chul-ha-da] is ‘to go out’, and 외출할 땐[woi-chul-hal ddaen] is ‘when you go out’, and 문[mun] is ‘the door’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 닫으세요[dad-eu-se-yo] is an imperative predicate. So, 외출할 땐 문을 닫으세요.[woi-chul-hal ddaen mun-eul dad-eu-se-yo] Close the door when you go out.

No. 202 is 열다[yeol-da], which means to open. 이 열쇠로 문을 열 수 있습니다.[i yeol-swoi-ro mun-eul yeol su it-seum-ni-da] You can open the door with this key. 이[i] is ‘this’, 열쇠[yeol-swoi] is ‘key’, so 이 열쇠[i yeol-swoi] is ‘this key’. And 로[ro] is a postposition meaning ‘with’ in English. 열 수 있습니다[yeol su it-seum-ni-da] is ‘can open’ because 수 있습니다[su it-seum-ni-da] means ‘can’. So, 이 열쇠로 문을 열 수 있습니다.[i yeol-swoi-ro mun-eul yeol su it-seum-ni-da] You can open the door with this key.

No. 203 is 쏘다[sso-da], which means to shoot. 한 병사가 총을 쏘고 있습니다[han byeong-sa-ga chong-eul sso-go it-seum-ni-da]. A soldier is shooting. 한[han] is ‘one’, and 병사[byeong-sa] is ‘soldier’, and 가[ga] is the subjective case. 총을 쏘다[chong-eul sso-da] is ‘to shoot’. So, 한 병사가 총을 쏘고 있습니다.[han byeong-sa-ga chong-eul sso-go it-seum-ni-da] A soldier is shooting.

No. 204 is 찍다[jjik-da], which has four meanings to chop at, stamp sth on sth, dip into sth, or take a picture.

Okay, I will explain each sentences one by one. The first one is 그가 도끼로 나무를 찍고 있습니다.[geu-ga do-ggi-ro na-mu-reul jjik-go it-seum-ni-da] He is chopping wood with an ax. 그가[geu-ga] is ‘he’, and 도끼[do-ggi] is ‘ax’, and 로[ro] is ‘with’, so 도끼로[do-ggi-ro] is ‘with an ax’, right? 나무[na-mu] is ‘tree, or wood’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. 찍고 있습니다[jjik-go it-seum-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 찍다. So, 그가 도끼로 나무를 찍고 있습니다.[geu-ga do-ggi-ro na-mu-reul jjik-go it-seum-ni-da] He is chopping wood with an ax.

The second sentence is 이 서류에 스탬프를 찍어주세요.[i seo-ryu-e seu-taem-peu-reul jjik-eo-ju-se-yo] Please stamp this document. 이 서류[i seo-ryu] is ‘this document’, and 에[e] is a kind of postposition indicating a spot, or place. 스탬프[seu-taem-peu] is written as it sounds, and 를[reul] is the objective case. And 찍어주세요[jjik-eo-ju-se-yo] is an imperative predicate. So, 이 서류에 스탬프를 찍어주세요.[i seo-ryu-e seu-taem-peu-reul jjik-eo-ju-se-yo] Please stamp this document.

The third sentence is 저는 비스켓을 카푸치노에 찍어 먹습니다.[jeo-neun bi-seu-ket-seul ka-pu-chi-no-e jjik-eo meok-seum-ni-da] I dip biscuits in cappuccino and eat them. 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 비스켓[bi-seu-ket], and 카푸치노[ka-pu-chi-no], these two words are written as they sound, and 찍어 먹습니다[jjik-eo meok-seum-ni-da] can be divided into two parts. 찍다[jjik-da] is changed into 찍어[jjik-eo], the letter 다[da] is replaced with 어[eo] in order to express ‘and’. 먹습니다[meok-seum-ni-da] is an honorific predicate of 먹다[meok-da], which means ‘to eat’, so 찍어 먹습니다[jjik-eo meok-seum-ni-da] is ‘I dip and eat’. So, 저는 비스켓을 카푸치노에 찍어 먹습니다.[jeo-neun bi-seu-ket-seul ka-pu-chi-no-e jjik-eo meok-seum-ni-da] I dip biscuits in cappuccino and eat them.

The fourth sentence is 그녀가 사진을 찍고 있습니다.[geu-nyeo-ga sa-jin-eul jjik-go it-seum-nid-a] She's taking a picture. 그녀가[geu-nyeo-ga] is ‘she’, and 사진[sa-jin] is ‘picture’, and 찍고 있습니다[jjik-go it-seum-nid-a] is the present progressive form of 찍다[jjik-da]. So, 그녀가 사진을 찍고 있습니다.[geu-nyeo-ga sa-jin-eul jjik-go it-seum-nid-a] She's taking a picture.

No. 205 is 여행하다[yeo-haeng-ha-da], which means to travel. 저는 인도로 여행하고 싶습니다.[jeo-neun in-do-ro yeo-haeng-ha-go sip-seum-ni-da] I want to travel to India. 인도[in-do] is ‘India’, and the letter, 로[ro] is ‘to’ in English. 여행하고 싶습니다[yeo-haeng-ha-go sip-seum-ni-da] is ‘want to travel’. So, 저는 인도로 여행하고 싶습니다.[jeo-neun in-do-ro yeo-haeng-ha-go sip-seum-ni-da] I want to travel to India.

No. 206 is 흔들다, 흔들리다[heun-deul-da, heun-deul-ri-da], which means to shake, wave, or sway. 흔들다[heun-deul-da] is a transitive verb, which means 흔들다[heun-deul-da] needs an object. And 흔들리다[heun-deul-ri-da] is an intransitive verb, which means it doesn’t need an object, right? 한 소녀가 손을 흔들고 있습니다.[han so-nyeo-ga son-eul heun-deul-go it-seum-ni-da] A girl is waving her hand. 한 소녀[han so-nyeo] is ‘a girl’, and 가 is the subjective case. 손[son] is ‘hand’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 흔들고 있습니다[heun-deul-go it-seum-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 흔들다[heun-deul-da]. So, 한 소녀가 손을 흔들고 있습니다.[han so-nyeo-ga son-eul heun-deul-go it-seum-ni-da] A girl is waving her hand. 코스모스가 바람에 흔들리고 있습니다.[ko-seu-mo-seu-ga ba-ram-e heun-deul-ri-go it-seum-ni-da] Cosmoses are swaying in the wind. 코스모스[ko-seu-mo-seu] is written as it sounds as flowers, cosmoses, and 바람[ba-ram] is ‘wind’, and the letter, 에[e] is the same as ‘in’ in English, so 바람에[ba-ram-e] is ‘in the wind’ 흔들리고 있습니다[heun-deul-ri-go it-seum-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 흔들리다[heun-deul-ri-da]. So, 코스모스가 바람에 흔들리고 있습니다.[ko-seu-mo-seu-ga ba-ram-e heun-deul-ri-go it-seum-ni-da] Cosmoses are swaying in the wind.

No. 207 is 휘두르다[hwui-du-reu-da], which means to swing, or wield. 그 여전사는 검을 잘 휘두릅니다.[geu yeo-jeon-sa-neun geom-eul jal hwui-du-reum-ni-da] The lady warrior wields her sword well. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and the letter, 여[yeo] means ‘woman’, and 전사[jeon-sa] is ‘warrior’, so 여전사[yeo-jeon-sa] is ‘lady warrior’, and 검[geom] is ‘sword’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 잘[jal] is an adverb meaning ‘well’, and 휘두릅니다[hwui-du-reum-ni-da] is a predicate form. So, 그 여전사는 검을 잘 휘두릅니다.[geu yeo-jeon-sa-neun geom-eul jal hwui-du-reum-ni-da] The lady warrior wields her sword well.

No. 208 is 소리치다, 고함지르다[so-ri-chi-da, go-ham-ji-reu-da], which means to shout. 그는 화가나서 나에게 소리쳤습니다 / 고함질렀습니다.[geu-neun hwa-ga-na-seo na-e-ge so-ri-chyeot-seum-ni-da / go-ham-jil-reot-seum-ni-da] He shouted at me in anger. 그는[geu-neun] is ‘he’, and 화가나서[hwa-ga-na-seo] came from 화가나다[hwa-ga-na-da], which means ‘to get angry’, and 다[da] is replaced with 서[seo] in order to express the cause, or reason, so 화가나서[hwa-ga-na-seo] is ‘in anger’. 나[na] is ‘me’, and 에게[e-ge] is ‘to, or at’, so 나에게[na-e-ge] is ‘to me, or at me’ 소리쳤습니다[so-ri-chyeot-seum-ni-da], or 고함질렀습니다[go-ham-jil-reot-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form of 소리치다, 고함지르다[so-ri-chi-da, go-ham-ji-reu-da]. So, 그는 화가나서 나에게 소리쳤습니다/ 고함질렀습니다.[geu-neun hwa-ga-na-seo na-e-ge so-ri-chyeot-seum-ni-da / go-ham-jil-reot-seum-ni-da] He shouted at me in anger.

No. 209 is 실패하다[sil-pe-ha-da], which means to fail. 우리는 그 계획을 실패했습니다.[u-ri-neun geu gye-hwoik-eul sil-pe-haet-seum-ni-da] We failed the plan. 우리는[u-ri-neun] is ‘we’, and 그 계획[geu gye-hwoik] is ‘the plan’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 실패했습니다[sil-pe-haet-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form of 실패하다[sil-pe-ha-da]. So, 우리는 그 계획을 실패했습니다.[u-ri-neun geu gye-hwoik-eul sil-pe-haet-seum-ni-da] We failed the plan.

No. 210 is 실수하다[sil-su-ha-da], which means to make a mistake. 그는 문제를 풀다가 실수해버렸습니다.[geu-neun mun-je-reul pul-da-ga sil-su-hae-beo-ryeot-seum-ni-da] He made a mistake while solving the problem. 그는[geu-neun] is ‘he’, and 문제[mun-je] is ‘problem’, and 를[reul] is the objective case. And 풀다가[pul-da-ga] came from 풀다[pul-da], which means ‘to solve’, and you could think of the letter, 가[ga] is the subjective case, but it is only when 가[ga] is placed behind nouns. When 가[ga] is placed behind a verb, it means that ‘while someone is doing something’. So, 문제를 풀다가[mun-je-reul pul-da-ga] is ‘While solving the problem’. 실수해버렸습니다[sil-su-hae-beo-ryeot-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form of 실수하다[sil-su-ha-da]. So, 그는 문제를 풀다가 실수해버렸습니다.[geu-neun mun-je-reul pul-da-ga sil-su-hae-beo-ryeot-seum-ni-da] He made a mistake while solving the problem.

No. 211 is 망치다[mang-chi-da], which means to ruin. 그런 농담은 분위기를 망칠 수도 있습니다.[geu-reon nong-dam-eun bun-wui-gi-reul mang-chil su-do it-seum-ni-da] Such jokes can ruin the atmosphere. 그런 is ‘such’, and 농담 is ‘jokes’, and 은 is the subjective case. 분위기 is ‘atmosphere’, and 망치다 is changed into 망칠 수 도 있습니다. The letter, 수 도 means the possibility of something happening, that is to say, ‘can’, and 있습니다 is an honorific predicate. So, 그런 농담은 분위기를 망칠 수도 있습니다. Such jokes can ruin the atmosphere.

No. 212 is 걱정하다[geok-jeong-ha-da], which means to worry about. 걱정하지 마세요. 잘 될거에요. Don't worry. It will be okay. When the last letter, 다 in all the verbs in Korean words is replaced with 지 마세요, for example, 걱정하다 is changed into 걱정하지 마세요, that means ‘Don’t worry’, which is a negative imperative sentence. 잘 is ‘well’, and 될거에요 is ‘will be’. In fact, 잘 될거에요 is cheering words, or encouraging expression. So, 걱정하지 마세요. 잘 될거에요. Don't worry. It will be okay.

No. 213 is 취소하다[chwui-so-ha-da], which means to cancel. 오늘 저녁식사 약속이 취소되었습니다. Today’s dinner appointment has been canceled. 오늘 is ‘today’, and 저녁 is ‘evening’, and 식사 is ‘a meal’, so 저녁식사 is ‘dinner’, right? And 약속 is ‘appointment’, and 이 is the subjective case. 취소되었습니다 is the past tense form of 취소되다, which is the passive expression of 취소하다. So, 취소하다 is ‘to cancel’, and 취소되다 is ‘to be canceled’, right? 오늘 저녁식사 약속이 취소되었습니다. Today’s dinner appointment has been canceled.

No. 214 is 소개하다[so-ge-ha-da], which means to introduce. 저의 동생을 소개할게요. Let me introduce my sister. 저의 is ‘my’, and 동생 is ‘younger brother, or sister’, and 을 is the objective case. And blah, blah 할게요 is ‘Let me blah, blah’. So, 저의 동생을 소개할게요. Let me introduce my sister.

No. 215 is 시작하다[si-jak-ha-da], which means to begin. 해가 뜨기 시작합니다. The sun is starting to rise. 해 is ‘the sun’, and 가 is the subjective case. 뜨다 is ‘to rise’, and the letter, 기 is used to make a noun form in order to make an object of the verb behind it, 시작합니다. 시작합니다 is the predicate of 시작하다, which means ‘to begin’. So, 해가 뜨기 시작합니다. The sun is starting to rise.

No. 216 is 돌보다[dol-bo-da], which means to take care of. 저의 아이를 돌볼 사람이 필요합니다. I need someone to take care of my child. 저의 is ‘my’, and 아이 is ‘kid, or child’, and 돌보다 is changed into 돌볼 in order to modify the noun behind, 사람, which means ‘a person’, so 저의 아이를 돌볼 사람 is ‘someone to take care of my child’, and 필요합니다 is the predicate of 필요하다, which means ‘to need’. So, 저의 아이를 돌볼 사람이 필요합니다. I need someone to take care of my child.

No. 217 is 가라앉다[ga-ra-an-dda], which means to sink. 돌맹이는 물 속에 가라앉습니다. Stones sink into the water. 돌맹이 is ‘stone’, and 물 is ‘water’, and 속에 is ‘into’, so 물 속에 is ‘into the water’, right? 가라앉습니다 is an honorific predicate of 가라앉다, which means ‘to sink’. So, 돌맹이는 물 속에 가라앉습니다. Stones sink into the water.

No. 218 is 충고하다[chung-go-ha-da], which means to advise. 저는 사업상 당신에게 충고할 말이 있습니다. I have something to advise you on business. 저는 is ‘I’, and 사업 is ‘business’, and the letter, 상 means ‘by the context’, so 사업상 is ‘on business’, right? And 충고하다 is changed into 충고할 in order to modify the noun behind it, 말, which means ‘words’, so 충고할 말 is ‘something to advise’. And 있습니다 is an honorific predicate of 충고하다. So, 저는 사업상 당신에게 충고할 말이 있습니다. I have something to advise you on business.

No. 219 is 남기다[nam-gi-da], which means to leave sth. 저는 오늘 모든 사람들의 댓글에 답글을 남겼습니다. I left replies on all people’s comments. 저는 is ‘I’, and 오늘 is ‘today’, and 모든 is ‘all’, and 사람 is ‘a person’, and the letter, 들 is plural, so 사람들 is ‘people’, right? And 의 is a genitive case, and 댓글 is ‘comment’, so 모든 사람들의 댓글 is ‘all people’s comments’, right? And the letter, 에 is the same as ‘on’ in English. And 답글 is ‘reply’, and 남겼습니다 is the past tense form of 남기다, which means ‘to leave’. So, 저는 오늘 모든 사람들의 댓글에 답글을 남겼습니다. I left replies on all people’s comments.

No. 220 is 떠나다[ddeo-na-da], which means to leave, or depart. 그녀는 오늘 여행을 떠납니다. She is leaving on a trip today. 그녀 is ‘she’, and 는 is the subjective case. 오늘 is ‘today’, and 여행 is ‘travel, or trip’, and 을 is objective case. And 떠납니다 is an honorific predicate. So, 그녀는 오늘 여행을 떠납니다. She is leaving on a trip today.

OK, we have finished, as I told you, you’d better watch this video at least three times. OK, let’s call it a day. I’ll see you next time, bye.