Korean Grammar100-6

All right, let’s start lesson no. 6. The sixth sentence structure is “S1이 V1면/으면 S2가 V2합니다/할 것입니다.”, which means “If S1 V1 ~, S2 V2 ~”. As you can see, there are two subjects and two verbs in this sentence. And the letters, 면, or 으면 functions as a conjunction, ‘if’ in English.

And the difference between 면 and 으면 is not so difficult as the previous lecture, number 5, 므로, 으므로, and 이므로, which was very hard to understand, wasn’t it?

Okay, I’ll explain the difference of 면 and 으면. Listen very carefully. Here we go.

As I told you several times, all the verb, and adjectives end with the letter, 다. If we remove the letter, 다, and the letter in front of it doesn’t have the final sound, or has the final sound, ㄹ, you should place 면 behind it. For example 거짓말하다 is ‘to tell a lie’, and the letter in front of 다 is 하, this 하 doesn’t have the final sound, so 다 is removed, and 면 is placed behind, and 거짓말하다 is changed into 거짓말하면 is ‘If you tell a lie’. And another example, 이다 is ‘to be’, and the letter, 이 also doesn’t have the final sound, so 면 should be placed behind. And the third example, 만들다 is ‘to make’, and the letter in front of 다 is 들, and this letter has the final sound ㄹ, so 면 should be placed behind, so 만들면 is ‘If you make’. On the other hand, if the letter in front of 다 has final sound, one of the consonants except ㄹ, 으면 should be placed behind. For example, 저축했다 is the past tense form of 저축하다, which means ‘to save’, so 저축했다 is ‘saved’, right? And the letter in front of 다 is 했, and this letter has the final sound, double si-ot, ㅆ, so 으면 should be placed behind. So, 저축했으면 is correct, 저축했면 is incorrect, right?

And 합니다 is the present tense form, and 할 것입니다 is the future tense form.

As you can see ㄹ[ri-eul], under 하, this final sound, which is also called 받침[bat-chim], represents the future tense.

 

OK, the schematic diagram is as follows.

1. 당신이 거짓말하면 아무도 당신을 믿지 않을 것입니다.

If you tell a lie, no one will believe you.

당신 is ‘you’, and 이 is the subjective case. 거짓말하다 is ‘to tell a lie’. And the letter in front of 다 is 하, which doesn’t have the final sound, so we have only to place 면 behind it. It’s super easy, right? And 면 is the conditional conjunction, ‘if’, so 당신이 거짓말하면 is ‘If you tell a lie’.

And 아무도 is the same as ‘no one’, and 믿지 않을 것입니다 is ‘will not believe’, and the word between 아무도, and 믿지 않을 것입니다, 당신을 is the object of the verb, 믿지 않을 것입니다. As a matter of fact, in Korean language, all the objects of the verbs are placed in front of the verbs, on the other hand, in English all the objects are placed behind the verbs, which makes you kind of confused, but you’d better keep this in mind, right? Anyway, 아무도 당신을 믿지 않을 것입니다 is ‘no one will believe you’.

So, 당신이 거짓말하면 아무도 당신을 믿지 않을 것입니다.

If you tell a lie, no one will believe you.

 

2. 당신이 대학생이면 할인된 가격으로 이 제품을 구매하실 수 있습니다.

If you are a college student, you can buy this product at a discounted price.

당신이 is ‘you’, and 대학 is ‘a college, or university’, and the letter, 생 is shortened form of 학생, which means ‘student’, so 대학생 is ‘a college student’, right? And the verb, 이다 is changed into 이면 because the letter in front of 다 is 이, and 이 doesn’t have the final sound, so 면 is placed, right? And 할인 is ‘discount’, and 가격 is ‘price’, and the letter 된 means the passive form, so 할인된 is ‘discounted’, and 으로 is ‘at’, so 할인된 가격으로 is ‘at a discounted price’. And 이 is ‘this’, and 제품 is ‘product’, so 이 제품 is ‘this product’, and 을 is the objective case. And 구매하다 is ‘to buy’, and 구매할 수 있다 is ‘can buy’, and 구매하실 수 있습니다 is an honorific predicate. So, 당신이 대학생이면 할인된 가격으로 이 제품을 구매하실 수 있습니다.

If you are a college student, you can buy this product at a discounted price.

 

3. 우리가 빵을 맛있게 만들면 많은 사람들이 이 빵을 사러 올 것입니다.

If we make bread delicious, many people will come to buy this bread.

우리 is ‘we’, and 가 is the subjective case. 빵 is ‘bread’, and 을 is the objective case, and 맛있게 is actually an adverb form, and its adjective form is 맛있다, which means ‘delicious’. 맛있게 modifies the verb, 만들다, which means ‘to make’. the letter in front of 다 is 들 has the final sound, ㄹ, so 면 is placed behind. So, 우리가 빵을 맛있게 만들면 is ‘If we make bread delicious’, right? 많은 is ‘many, or much’, and 사람들 is ‘people’, and 이 is the subjective case. 이 is ‘this’, so 이 빵 is ‘this bread’, and 을 is the objective case. 사러 came from a verb, 사다, which means ‘to buy’. And if we replace 다 with 러, 사러 means ‘in order to buy’, and 올 것입니다 is the future tense form of 오다, which means ‘to come’, so 사러 올 것입니다 is ‘will come to buy’. So, 우리가 빵을 맛있게 만들면 많은 사람들이 이 빵을 사러 올 것입니다.

If we make bread delicious, many people will come to buy this bread.

 

4. 내일 날씨가 맑으면 저는 당신과 나들이를 가고 싶어요.

If it is fine tomorrow, I want to go on an outing with you.

내일 is ‘tomorrow’, and 날씨 is ‘weather’, and 맑다 is an adjective, and its meaning is ‘the weather is fine’, and the letter in front of 다, 맑 has the final sound, ㄹㄱ, the combined consonant of ㄹ and ㄱ, so this is one of the consonants except ㄹ, so 으면 should be placed behind, and 면 is a conjunction, ‘if’. So, 내일 날씨가 맑으면 is ‘If it is fine tomorrow’. And the next word, 저는 is ‘I’, and 당신 is ‘you’, and the postposition letter, 과 is the same as the preposition, ‘with’ in English. 나들이 is ‘outing’, and 를 is the objective case. And 가고 싶어요 is combined words of two words, 가다, and 고 싶어요. 가다 is ‘to go’, and 고 싶어요 is ‘to want to’. When we remove 다, and place 고 싶어요 behind it, 가고 싶어요 is ‘want to go’.

So, 내일 날씨가 맑으면 저는 당신과 나들이를 가고 싶어요.

If it is fine tomorrow, I want to go on an outing with you.

 

5. 제가 젊었을 때 열심히 저축했으면 지금은 부자일텐데요.

If I had saved hard when I was young, I would be rich now.

제가 is ‘I’, and 젊었을 때 is composed of 젊었다 and 때. 젊었다 is past tense form of 젊다, which means ‘young’, and this is an adjective, so 젊었다 means ‘was young’, right? And the letter, 을 때 is a kind of conjunction, ‘when’. So, 제가 젊었을 때 is the same as ‘when I was young’. And the next word 열심히 is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘hard’, and 저축했으면 came from 저축했다, which is the past tense form of 저축하다, and its meaning is ‘to save’, so 저축하다 is ‘to save’, and 저축했다 is ‘saved’ And as I said, the letter in front of 다 is 했, and this letter has the final sound, double si-ot, ㅆ, so 으면 should be placed behind. So, 저축했으면 is correct, 저축했면 is incorrect, right? 열심히 저축했으면 is ‘If I had saved hard’, right? And the next word, 지금은 is ‘now’, and 부자 is ‘rich person’, but we, Koreans use 부자이다 as ‘being rich’ as well as ‘rich person’. So, 제가 젊었을 때 열심히 저축했으면 지금은 부자일텐데요.

If I had saved hard when I was young, I would be rich now.