K-Voca 10,000 Project-012[0221~0240]

All right, we gonna start from no. 221 to 240.

No. 221 is 좋아하다[jo-a-ha-da], which means to like. 저는 쿠키를 무척 좋아합니다[jeo-neun ku-ki-reul mu-cheok jo-a-ham-ni-da]. I like cookies very much. 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 쿠키[ku-ki] is written as it sounds. And 무척[mu-cheok] is ‘very much’, and 좋아합니다[jo-a-ham-ni-da] is an honorific form of 좋아하다[jo-a-ha-da]. So, 저는 쿠키를 무척 좋아합니다[jeo-neun ku-ki-reul mu-cheok jo-a-ham-ni-da]. I like cookies very much.

No. 222 is 싫어하다[sil-eo-ha-da], which means to dislike, or hate. 저는 파파라치를 매우 싫어합니다[jeo-neun pa-pa-ra-chi-reul mae-u sil-eo-ham-ni-da]. I hate paparazzi very much. 파파라치[pa-pa-ra-chi] is written as it sounds, and 매우[mae-u] is also the same as 무척[mu-cheok] at the previous sentence, so its meaning is ‘very much’. And 싫어합니다[sil-eo-ham-ni-da] is an honorific form of 싫어하다[sil-eo-ha-da]. So, 저는 파파라치를 매우 싫어합니다[jeo-neun pa-pa-ra-chi-reul mae-u sil-eo-ham-ni-da]. I hate paparazzi very much.

No. 223 is 집중하다[jip-jung-ha-da], which means to concentrate. 제가 공부에 집중할 수 있도록 조용히 해주세요[je-ga gong-bu-e jip-jung-hal su it-do-rok jo-yong-hi hae-ju-se-yo]. Please be quiet so that I can concentrate on my studies. 제가[je-ga] is ‘I’, and 공부[gong-bu] is ‘study’, and the letter, 에[e] is the same as ‘at, on, or in’ in English, so 공부에[gong-bu-e] is ‘on my studies’. And 집중하다[jip-jung-ha-da] is transformed into 집중할 수 있도록[jip-jung-hal su it-do-rok], this ㄹ 수 있도록[ri-eul su it-do-rok] is ‘so that blah blah blah’, so 제가 공부에 집중할 수 있도록[je-ga gong-bu-e jip-jung-hal su it-do-rok is ‘so that I can concentrate on my studies’, right? 조용히[jo-yong-hi] came from 조용하다[jo-yong-ha-da], which means ‘quiet’, and 조용히 해주세요[jo-yong-hi hae-ju-se-yo] is ‘Please be quiet’. So, 제가 공부에 집중할 수 있도록 조용히 해주세요[je-ga gong-bu-e jip-jung-hal su it-do-rok jo-yong-hi hae-ju-se-yo]. Please be quiet so that I can concentrate on my studies.

No. 224 is 일어나다[il-eo-na-da], which means to get up. 저는 매일 아침 일찍 일어납니다[jeo-neun mae-il a-chim il-jjik il-eo-nam-ni-da]. I get up early every morning. 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 매일[mae-il] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘everyday’, and 아침[a-chim] is ‘morning’, so 매일 아침[mae-il a-chim] is ‘every morning’, right? 일어납니다[il-eo-nam-ni-da] is an honorific predicate of 일어나다[il-eo-na-da], which means ‘to get up’. So, 저는 매일 아침 일찍 일어납니다[jeo-neun mae-il a-chim il-jjik il-eo-nam-ni-da]. I get up early every morning.

No. 225 is 숨다[sum-dda], which means to hide. 고양이가 소파에 숨어있습니다[go-yang-i-ga so-fa-e sum-eo-it-seum-ni-da]. The cat is hiding on the sofa. 고양이[go-yang-i] is ‘cat’, and 가[ga] is the subjective case. 소파[so-fa] is written as it sounds, and the letter, 에[e] is ‘on’, so 소파에[so-fa-e] is ‘on the sofa’. 숨어있습니다[sum-eo-it-seum-ni-da] is the present progressive form of 숨다[sum-dda], which means ‘to hide’. So, 고양이가 소파에 숨어있습니다[go-yang-i-ga so-fa-e sum-eo-it-seum-ni-da]. The cat is hiding on the sofa.

No. 226 is 시키다[si-ki-da], which means to make somebody do something. 저에게 그런 일을 시키지 마세요[jeo-e-ge geu-reon il-eul si-ki-ji ma-se-yo]. Don't make me do such a thing. 저에게[jeo-e-ge] is ‘me’, 저[jeo] is ‘I’, and 에게[e-ge] is the same as ‘to’, so 저에게[jeo-e-ge] is ‘me, or to me’. 그런[geu-reon] is ‘such’, and 일[il] is ‘work, job, or business’, so 그런 일[geu-reon il] is ‘such a thing’. And 시키다[si-ki-da] is changed into 시키지 마세요[si-ki-ji ma-se-yo]. If we replace 다[da] with 지 마세요[ji ma-se-yo], this 지 마세요[ji ma-se-yo] is ‘Don’t do blah blah blah’, which means a negative imperative sentence. So, 저에게 그런 일을 시키지 마세요[jeo-e-ge geu-reon il-eul si-ki-ji ma-se-yo]. Don't make me do such a thing.

No. 227 is 끄덕이다[ggeu-deok-i-da], which means to nod. 그 아이는 저의 말에 고개를 끄덕였습니다[geu a-i-neun jeo-eui mal-e go-gae-reul ggeu-deok-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The child nodded her head at my words. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 아이[a-i] is ‘child’, and 는[neun] is the subjective case. 저의[jeo-eui] is a genitive case of ‘I’, which means 저[jeo] is ‘I’, and the letter 의[eui] represents the genitive case, so 저의[jeo-eui] is ‘my’. 말[mal] is ‘words’, and the letter, 에[e] is the same as ‘at’, so 저의 말에[jeo-eui mal-e] is ‘at my words’. 고개[go-gae] is another word for 머리[meo-ri], which means ‘head’, and 끄덕였습니다[ggeu-deok-yeot-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form of 끄덕이다[ggeu-deok-i-da], which means ‘to nod’. So, 그 아이는 저의 말에 고개를 끄덕였습니다[geu a-i-neun jeo-eui mal-e go-gae-reul ggeu-deok-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The child nodded her head at my words.

No. 228 is 근거하다[geun-geo-ha-da], which means to be based on. 그녀의 말은 사실에 근거하지 않는 것 같습니다[geu-nyeo-eui mal-eun sa-sil-e geun-geo-ha-ji an-neun geot gat-seum-ni-da]. Her words don't seem to be based on facts. 그녀[geu-nyeo] is ‘she’, and the letter, 의[eui] is a genitive case, so 그녀의[geu-nyeo-eui] is ‘her’, right? And 말[mal] is ‘words’, and 은[eun] is the subjective case. 사실[sa-sil] is ‘fact’, and the letter, 에[e] is ‘on’, and 근거하지 않는 것 같습니다[geun-geo-ha-ji an-neun geot gat-seum-ni-da] is ‘don’t seem to be based on’. The letter, 않[an] represents the negation, and 것 같습니다[geot gat-seum-ni-da] is ‘seem to’. So, 그녀의 말은 사실에 근거하지 않는 것 같습니다[geu-nyeo-eui mal-eun sa-sil-e geun-geo-ha-ji an-neun geot gat-seum-ni-da]. Her words don't seem to be based on facts.

No. 229 is 싣다[sid-dda], which means to load up, carry. 그 트럭이 고철을 잔뜩 싣고 갑니다[geu teu-reog-i go-cheol-eul jan-ddeuk sid-ggo gam-ni-da]. The truck is going, loaded with a lot of scrap metal. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 트럭[teu-reog] is written as it sounds, and 이[i] is the subjective case. 고철[go-cheol] is ‘scrap metal’, and 잔뜩[jan-ddeuk] is an adverb, which means ‘a lot’, and 싣고[sid-ggo] is combined form of 싣다[sid-dda] and 고[go], the letter, 고[go] means ‘and’, and 갑니다[gam-ni-da] is an honorific predicate of 가다[ga-da]. So, 그 트럭이 고철을 잔뜩 싣고 갑니다[geu teu-reog-i go-cheol-eul jan-ddeuk sid-ggo gam-ni-da]. The truck is going, loaded with a lot of scrap metal.

No. 230 is 부러워하다[bu-reo-weo-ha-da], which means to envy. 저는 그의 노래실력이 부럽습니다[jeo-neun geu-eui no-rae-sil-lyeog-i bu-reob-seum-ni-da]. I envy his singing ability. 저는[jeo-neun] is ‘I’, and 그[geu] is ‘he’, and the letter, 의[eui] is a genitive case, so 그의[geu-eui] is ‘his’, right? 노래[no-rae] is ‘song’, and 실력[sil-lyeog] is ‘ability’, so 그의 노래실력[geu-eui no-rae-sil-lyeog] is ‘his singing ability’, and 부럽습니다[bu-reob-seum-ni-da] is an honorific predicate form of 부러워하다[bu-reo-weo-ha-da]. So, 저는 그의 노래실력이 부럽습니다[jeo-neun geu-eui no-rae-sil-lyeog-i bu-reob-seum-ni-da]. I envy his singing ability.

No. 231 is 시기하다, 질투하다[si-gi-ha-da, jil-tu-ha-da], which means to be jealous. 그는 저의 성공을 시기합니다/ 질투합니다[geu-neun jeo-eui seong-gong-eul si-gi-ham-ni-da/ jil-tu-ham-ni-da]. He is jealous of my success. I think you may be confused about the difference between 부러워하다[bu-reo-weo-ha-da], and 시기하다[si-gi-ha-da]. 부러워하다[bu-reo-weo-ha-da] doesn’t have negative feelings, on the other hand, 시기하다, 질투하다[si-gi-ha-da, jil-tu-ha-da], these two words have negative feelings. 그는[geu-neun] is ‘he’, and 저의[jeo-eui] is ‘my’, and 성공[seong-gong] is ‘success’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 시기합니다, or 질투합니다[si-gi-ham-ni-da/ jil-tu-ham-ni-da] is an honorific predicate form. So, 그는 저의 성공을 시기합니다/ 질투합니다[geu-neun jeo-eui seong-gong-eul si-gi-ham-ni-da/ jil-tu-ham-ni-da]. He is jealous of my success.

No. 232 is 얼다, 동결하다[eol-da, dong-gyeol-ha-da], which means to freeze. 섭씨 0도에 얼음이 얼기 시작합니다[seob-ssi yeong-do-e eol-eum-i eol-gi si-jak-ham-ni-da]. The ice begins to freeze at zero degree Celsius. 섭씨[seob-ssi] is ‘Celsius’, and we, Korean call the number, zero 영[yeong], and the letter, 도[do] is ‘degree’, so 섭씨 0도[seob-ssi yeong-do] is ‘zero degree Celsius’, and 에[e] is a kind of postposition, which means ‘at’ in English. 얼음[eol-eum] is ‘ice’, and 이 is the subjective case. 얼기 시작합니다[eol-eum-i eol-gi si-jak-ham-ni-da] is ‘begin to freeze’. 얼기[eol-gi] is a noun form of 얼다[eol-da], which means ‘to freeze’. The letter, 기[gi], or 는 것[neun geot] is used to make a noun form of all the verbs in Korean language, which means all verbs of Korean language end with the letter, 다[da], and when 다[da] is replaced with 기[gi], this means the verb is changed into the noun. And 시작합니다[si-jak-ham-ni-da] is an honorific predicate form of 시작하다[si-jak-ha-da], which means ‘to begin’, so, 얼기 시작합니다[eol-gi si-jak-ham-ni-da] is ‘begin to freeze’. So, 섭씨 0도에 얼음이 얼기 시작합니다[seob-ssi yeong-do-e eol-eum-i eol-gi si-jak-ham-ni-da]. The ice begins to freeze at zero degree Celsius.

No. 233 is 문지르다, 비비다[mun-ji-reu-da, bi-bi-da], which means to rub, or scrub. 보습제를 손가락으로 문지르면서 바르세요[bo-seub-je-reul son-gga-rak-eu-ro mun-ji-reu-myeon-seo ba-reu-se-yo]. Apply moisturizer by rubbing it with your fingers. 보습제[bo-seub-je] is ‘moisturizer’, actually, the letter, 보[bo] means ‘complement’, and 습[seub] is ‘moisture’, and 제[je] is ‘compound’, so 보습제[bo-seub-je] is ‘moisturizer’, and 를[reul] is objective case. 손가락[son-gga-rak] is ‘finger’, and 으로[eu-ro] is ‘with’ in English. And 문지르면서[mun-ji-reu-myeon-seo] is combined form of 문지르다[mun-ji-reu-da], and 면서[myeon-seo]. If we replace 다[da] with 면서[myeon-seo], this 면서[myeon-seo] represents ‘means’, or ‘simultaneous action’. And 바르세요[ba-reu-se-yo] is imperative expression of 바르다[ba-reu-da], which means ‘to apply’. So, 보습제를 손가락으로 문지르면서 바르세요[bo-seub-je-reul son-gga-rak-eu-ro mun-ji-reu-myeon-seo ba-reu-se-yo]. Apply moisturizer by rubbing it with your fingers.

No. 234 is 흥분하다, 흥분시키다[heung-bun-ha-da, heung-bun-si-ki-da], which means to excite, or make sb upset. 흥분하다[heung-bun-ha-da] is intransitive verb, that is to say, 흥분하다[heung-bun-ha-da] doesn’t need an object. On the other hand, 흥분시키다[heung-bun-si-ki-da] is transitive verb, which means 흥분시키다[heung-bun-si-ki-da] needs an object. By the way, this word has both positive and negative meanings, too. All right, the example sentence of positive meaning is 아이들이 외식하자는 저의 제안에 기뻐서 흥분하였습니다[a-i-deul-i woi-sik-ha-ja-neun jeo-eui je-an-e gi-bbeo-seo heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The children were excited by my suggestion of going out to eat out. 아이[a-i] is ‘child’, and the letter, 들[deul] means plural, so 아이들[a-i-deul] is ‘children’, right? And 이[i] is the subjective case. 외식하자는[woi-sik-ha-ja-neun] came from 외식하다[woi-sik-ha-da], which means ‘to eat out’, and the letter, 다[da] is replaced with 자는[ja-neun] in order to make an equal representation, that is to say, apposition. 제안[je-an] is ‘suggestion’, so 저의 제안[jeo-eui je-an] is ‘my suggestion’. So, 외식하자는 저의 제안[woi-sik-ha-ja-neun jeo-eui je-an] is ‘my suggestion of going out to eat out’. And 흥분하였습니다[heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form and honorific predicate of 흥분하다[heung-bun-ha-da]. So, 아이들이 외식하자는 저의 제안에 기뻐서 흥분하였습니다[a-i-deul-i woi-sik-ha-ja-neun jeo-eui je-an-e gi-bbeo-seo heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The children were excited by my suggestion of going out to eat out.

And the example sentence of the negative feeling is 그 사람은 저의 말을 듣고 화가나서 흥분하였습니다[geu sa-ram-eun jeo-eui mal-eul deut-go hwa-ga-na–seo heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The person got angry and upset when he heard my words. 그[geu] is ‘he’, and 사람[sa-ram] is ‘person’, and 은[eun] is the subjective case. 저의[jeo-eui] is ‘my’, and 말[mal] is ‘words’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 듣고[deut-go] is ‘to hear’, and 화가나서[hwa-ga-na–seo] came from 화가나다[hwa-ga-na–da], means ‘to get angry’, and the letter, 서[seo] represents ‘and’, so 화가나서 흥분하였습니다[hwa-ga-na–seo heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da] is ‘got angry, and upset’, right? So, 그 사람은 저의 말을 듣고 화가나서 흥분하였습니다[geu sa-ram-eun jeo-eui mal-eul deut-go hwa-ga-na–seo heung-bun-ha-yeot-seum-ni-da]. The person got angry and upset when he heard my words.

No. 235 is 상상하다[sang-sang-ha-da], which means to imagine. 그 소녀는 수족관 속에 달이 있다고 상상하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeo-neun su-jok-gwan sok-e dal-i it-da-go sang-sang-ha-go it-seum-ni-da]. The girl is imagining that there is a moon in the aquarium. 소녀[so-nyeo] is ‘a girl’, so 그 소녀[geu so-nyeo] is ‘the girl’. 수족관[su-jok-gwan] is ‘aquarium’. And 속에[sok-e] is ‘in’, and 달[dal] is ‘moon’, and 있다[it-da] means ‘to exist’, and the letter, 고[go] is the same as ‘that’ in English. So, 그 소녀는 수족관 속에 달이 있다고 상상하고 있습니다[geu so-nyeo-neun su-jok-gwan sok-e dal-i it-da-go sang-sang-ha-go it-seum-ni-da]. The girl is imagining that there is a moon in the aquarium.

No. 236 is 때리다[ddae-ri-da], which means to hit, or beat. 사람을 때리는 것은 나쁜 행동입니다[sa-ram-eul ddae-ri-neun geo-seun na-bbeun haeng-dong-im-ni-da]. Hitting a person is bad behavior. 사람[sa-ram] is ‘a person’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 때리는 것[ddae-ri-neun geot] came from 때리다[ddae-ri-da], and 는 것[neun geot] is a noun form of the verb as I said at the number 232, right? So, 사람을 때리는 것[sa-ram-eul ddae-ri-neun geot] is ‘hitting a person’. 나쁜[na-bbeun] is ‘bad’, and 행동[haeng-dong] is ‘behavior’, and 입니다[im-ni-da] is an honorific predicate. So, 사람을 때리는 것은 나쁜 행동입니다[sa-ram-eul ddae-ri-neun geo-seun na-bbeun haeng-dong-im-ni-da]. Hitting a person is bad behavior.

No. 237 is 비난하다, 비판하다[bi-nan-ha-da, bi-pan-ha-da], which means to criticize. 환경보호 단체들이 그 결정을 비판했습니다[hwan-gyeong-bo-ho dan-che-deul-i geu gyeol-jeong-eul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]. Environmental protection groups criticized the decision. 환경[hwan-gyeong] is ‘environment’, and 보호[bo-ho] is ‘protection’, and 단체[dan-che] is ‘group’, so 환경보호 단체[[hwan-gyeong-bo-ho dan-che] is ‘environmental protection group’, right? And 들[deul] means plural, and 이[i] is the subjective case. 그[geu] is ‘the’, and 결정[gyeol-jeong] is ‘decision’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. 비판했습니다[bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form. So, 환경보호 단체들이 그 결정을 비판했습니다[hwan-gyeong-bo-ho dan-che-deul-i geu gyeol-jeong-eul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]. Environmental protection groups criticized the decision.

No. 238 is 나무라다, 꾸중하다, 꾸짖다[na-mu-ra-da, ggu-jung-ha-da, ggu-jit-dda], which means to scold, or blame. 그 아이를 너무 나무라지 마세요[geu a-i-reul neo-mu na-mu-ra-ji ma-se-yo]. Don't scold the child too much. 그 아이[geu a-i] is ‘the child’, and 너무[neo-mu] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘too much’. And 나무라지 마세요[na-mu-ra-ji ma-se-yo] is the negative imperative sentence of 나무라다[na-mu-ra-da], which means ‘to scold’. So, 그 아이를 너무 나무라지 마세요[geu a-i-reul neo-mu na-mu-ra-ji ma-se-yo]. Don't scold the child too much.

No. 239 is 지배하다[ji-bae-ha-da], which means to rule, dominate, or govern. 한때 로마는 지중해 지역을 지배했습니다[han-ddae ro-ma-neun ji-jung-hae ji-yeok-eul ji-bae-haet-seum-ni-da]. Rome once ruled the Mediterranean region. 한때[han-ddae] is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘once’, unspecified time of the past. And 로마[ro-ma] is written as it sounds, Rome. And 지중해[ji-jung-hae] is ‘Mediterranean’, and 지역[ji-yeok] is ‘region’, and 을[eul] is the objective case. And 지배했습니다[ji-bae-haet-seum-ni-da] is the past tense form of 지배하다[ji-bae-ha-da]. So, 한때 로마는 지중해 지역을 지배했습니다[han-ddae ro-ma-neun ji-jung-hae ji-yeok-eul ji-bae-haet-seum-ni-da]. Rome once ruled the Mediterranean region.

No. 240 is 존재하다[jon-jae-ha-da], which means to exist. 공룡은 이제 더 이상 세상에 존재하지 않습니다[gong-ryong-eun i-je deo i-sang se-sang-e jon-jae-ha-ji an-seum-ni-da]. Dinosaurs no longer exist in the world. 공룡[gong-ryong] is ‘dinosaurs’, and 은[eun] is the subjective case. 이제[i-je] is ‘now’, but 이제 더 이상[i-je deo i-sang] is ‘no longer’, and used in the negative sentence, so 이제 더 이상[i-je deo i-sang] is used with 존재하지 않습니다[jon-jae-ha-ji an-seum-ni-da], that is to say, 이제 더 이상 존재하지 않습니다[i-je deo i-sang se-sang-e jon-jae-ha-ji an-seum-ni-da] is ‘no longer exist’. And 세상[se-sang] is ‘the world’, and 에[e] is a postposition indicating a place, or region, so 세상에[se-sang-e] is ‘in the world’. So, 공룡은 이제 더 이상 세상에 존재하지 않습니다[gong-ryong-eun i-je deo i-sang se-sang-e jon-jae-ha-ji an-seum-ni-da]. Dinosaurs no longer exist in the world.

OK, we have finished, as I told you, you’d better watch this video at least three times. OK, let’s call it a day. I’ll see you next time, bye.