Korean Reading 300 - 101


Hi, everyone. This is the one hundred and first lecture of Korean Reading 300. The paragraphs of the intermediate section, which is composed of 101 to 200, have rather long sentences. So, they seem to be kind of tricky, but don’t worry, I will explain them in great detail. All right, let’s start with the first sentence of the one hundred and first paragraph.
The first sentence is 45얡년이 된 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 우리의 쑴재의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것일 것이닀. An effective way of grasping the scope of our existence on the four and a half billion-year-old Earth would be to conduct a simple experiment. 45[sa-sib-o]μ–΅λ…„ is ‘four and a half billion years’. As we Koreans have had a different numerical digit system, the unit, μ–΅ is the same as ‘a hundred million’, and the letter, λ…„ is ‘a year’. And the letter, 이 된 indicates ‘how old it is’, and 지ꡬ is ‘Earth’. So, 45얡년이 된 지ꡬ is ‘the four and a half billion-year-old Earth’, right? And μ—μ„œ is the same as ‘on’ in English. And 우리의 is ‘our’, and 쑴재 is ‘existence’, and 의 is a genitive case. And λ²”μœ„ is ‘scope’, and λ₯Ό is the objective case, and νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ came from νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λ‹€, which means ‘to grasp, or understand’, and the letter, λ‹€ is replaced with κΈ° μœ„ν•œ, which means ‘for the purpose of’, and this functions as the modifier of the noun behind it, 효과적인 방법. 효과적인 is an adjective and its meaning is ‘effiective’, and 방법 is a noun, and its meaning is ‘way, or method’, so νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법 is ‘an effective way of grasping’, and 우리의 쑴재의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법 is ‘an effective way of grasping the scope of our existence’, and finally this is the whole chunk of the subject of this sentence. 45얡년이 된 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 우리의 쑴재의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법 is ‘an effective way of grasping the scope of our existence on the four and a half billion-year-old Earth’ This is so long that it seems to be overwhelming to get, but in Korean language, there is a very important grammatical rule, which is simpler than any other language. All the modifiers should be placed in front of the target words, which means they are never ever placed behind them. So, as you can see, the subject of this sentence, 방법 is placed to the end of this subject chunk, right? And 은 is the subjective case, and κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ is ‘simple’, and μ‹€ν—˜ is ‘experiment’, and 을 is the objective case, and μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것 is the noun form of μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ‹€, which means ‘to conduct, or perform, or carry out something’. And the predicate, 이닀 is changed into the expression, 일 것이닀. λ‹€ is removed and γ„Ή is placed under 이 and 것이닀 is placed behind. This γ„Ή 것이닀 is an abstract expression of things, work, phenomenon, etc, so this is the same as ‘would be’. So, κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것일 것이닀 is ‘would be to conduct a simple experiment’. All right, let’s put these two parts together, Okay?
45얡년이 된 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 우리의 쑴재의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것일 것이닀. An effective way of grasping the scope of our existence on the four and a half billion-year-old Earth would be to conduct a simple experiment.
 
The second sentence is κ·Έμ € λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ νŒ”λ“€μ„ κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ λ²”μœ„κΉŒμ§€ λ»—κ³  κ·Έ λ„ˆλΉ„λ₯Ό 우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 전체 μ—­μ‚¬λ‘œ 그렀보아라. Simply stretch your arms to their fullest extent and picture the width as the entire history of our planet. κ·Έμ € is an adverb, and its meaning is ‘without doing anything else, or just, or simply’, and λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ is ‘your’, and νŒ” is ‘arm’, and λ“€ means plural, and 을 is the subjective case, and κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ is ‘their’, and μ΅œλŒ€ means ‘highest, or superlative level’, and λ²”μœ„ is ‘scope, or extent’, so μ΅œλŒ€ λ²”μœ„ is ‘the fullest extent’, right? And the postposition, κΉŒμ§€ is ‘until, or to’, so κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ λ²”μœ„κΉŒμ§€ is ‘to their fullest extent’, and λ»—κ³  came from λ»—λ‹€, which means ‘to stretch’, but the letter, λ‹€ is replaced with κ³ , which means ‘and’, and κ·Έ is ‘the’, and λ„ˆλΉ„ is ‘width’, and 우리 is ‘our’, and ν–‰μ„± is ‘planet’, and 의 is a genitive case. And 전체 is ‘entire’, and 역사 is ‘history’, and the postposition, 둜 is ‘as’ in English. So, 우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 전체 역사 is ‘the entire history of our planet’. And the final word, 그렀보아라, this is an imperative predicate, and came from 그렀보닀, this word has double meanings, the first one is ‘to draw’, and the second is ‘to picture in your mind’. In this sentence, by the context, this is the second one, right? So, κ·Έμ € λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ νŒ”λ“€μ„ κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ λ²”μœ„κΉŒμ§€ λ»—κ³  κ·Έ λ„ˆλΉ„λ₯Ό 우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 전체 μ—­μ‚¬λ‘œ 그렀보아라. Simply stretch your arms to their fullest extent and picture the width as the entire history of our planet.
 
The third sentence is 이 λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ, ν•œ μ†μ˜ 손가락 λμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ˜ 손λͺ©κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 거리가 μ„ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ•„λŒ€ 즉, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 지각이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ›μ‹œ 생λͺ…체가 처음 바닀에 μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜ 기간이닀. On this scale, the distance from the fingertips of one hand to the wrist of the other is Precambrian - that is, the period during which the Earth’s crust formed and primitive life first appeared in the seas. This is the longest sentence, but if you pay a little attention, and listen to me, it will not be so hard, Okay? All right, the subject and the verb of this sentence are 거리, and 이닀. As you can see the subjective case, κ°€, the noun, 거리, which means ‘distance’, is the subject, and all the words in front of it are the modifiers as I said at the previous sentence, right? And 이닀 is a predicate of being something. And μ„ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ•„λŒ€ is ‘Precambrian’, and this is the complement of the verb, 이닀. And the letter, 즉 is the same as ‘that is’, and κΈ°κ°„ is ‘period’.
So the basic frame of this sentence is blah, blah, blah 거리가 μ„ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ•„λŒ€, 즉 blah, blah, blah 기간이닀, which means ‘the distance blah, blah, blah is Precambrian that is, the period blah, blah, blah. All right, from now on, let’s get into the modifiers, Okay? 이 is ‘this’, and μ—μ„œ is ‘on’, so 이 λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ is ‘on this scale’, ν•œ μ†μ˜ 손가락 λμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° is ‘from the fingertips of one hand’. ν•œ means ‘one’, and 손 is ‘hand’, and 의 is genitive case. And 손가락 is ‘finger’, and 끝 is ‘tip, or the end’, and μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° is ‘from’, so ν•œ μ†μ˜ 손가락 λμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° is ‘from the fingertips of one hand’. And λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ˜ 손λͺ©κΉŒμ§€μ˜ is ‘to the wrist of the other’. λ‹€λ₯Έ is ‘other’, and the letter, μͺ½ means ‘side, or direction’, and 의 is a genitive case, and 손λͺ© is ‘wrist’, and κΉŒμ§€μ˜ is ‘to’. So, λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ˜ 손λͺ©κΉŒμ§€μ˜ is ‘to the wrist of the other’. And μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 지각이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ›μ‹œ 생λͺ…체가 처음 바닀에 μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜, these eight words are all modifiers of the word, κΈ°κ°„. 지ꡬ is ‘Earth’, and 의 is a genitive case, and 지각 is ‘crust’, and 이 is the subjective case. And ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  came from ν˜•μ„±λ˜λ‹€, which means ‘to form’, and as I said, the letter, κ³  means ‘and’. And μ›μ‹œ is ‘primitive’, and 생λͺ…체 is ‘life, or creature’, and κ°€ is also the subjective case. And 처음 is ‘first’, and λ°”λ‹€ is ‘the sea’, and 에 is ‘in’, and μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜ came from μΆœν˜„ν•˜λ‹€, which means ‘to appear’, and ν•˜λ‹€ is changed into ν–ˆλ‹€, which indicates the past tense, and the letter, λ‹€ is replaced with 던 in order to modify the noun behind it, κΈ°κ°„. So, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 지각이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ›μ‹œ 생λͺ…체가 처음 바닀에 μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜ κΈ°κ°„ is ‘the period during which the Earth’s crust formed and primitive life first appeared in the seas’. All right, let’s sum up the whole sentence. 이 λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ, ν•œ μ†μ˜ 손가락 λμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ˜ 손λͺ©κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 거리가 μ„ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ•„λŒ€ 즉, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 지각이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ›μ‹œ 생λͺ…체가 처음 바닀에 μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜ 기간이닀. On this scale, the distance from the fingertips of one hand to the wrist of the other is Precambrian - that is, the period during which the Earth’s crust formed and primitive life first appeared in the seas.
 
The fourth sentence is λͺ¨λ“  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” ν•œ 손 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€. All of complex life could be measured in the distance of one hand. λͺ¨λ“  is ‘all’, and λ³΅μž‘ν•œ is ‘complex’, and 생λͺ…체 is ‘life’, and λŠ” is the subjective case. And ν•œ 손 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ, we addressed these words, right? ‘In the distance of one hand’. And 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€ came from μΈ‘μ •λ˜λ‹€, which is the passive form of μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ‹€, and its meaning is ‘to measure’, so μΈ‘μ •λ˜λ‹€ is ‘to be measured’, and γ„Ή 수 μžˆλ‹€ is ‘can, or could’, so 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€ is ‘could be measured’. So, λͺ¨λ“  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” ν•œ 손 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€. All of complex life could be measured in the distance of one hand.
 
The fifth sentence is 인간 생λͺ…μ˜ 츑정에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ, 당신이 μ„ νƒν•œ 손톱 μœ„λ‘œ 쀑간 결의 손톱 쀄을 단 ν•œ 번 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 당신은 인λ₯˜ 전체 역사λ₯Ό κ·Όμ ˆν•  것이닀. When it comes to the measurement of human life, with a single stroke of a medium grained nail file over the fingernail of your choice, you would eradicate the entire history of mankind. 인간 is ‘human’, and 생λͺ… is as I said, ‘life’, and 의 is a genitive case, and μΈ‘μ • is ‘measurement’, and 에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ is ‘when it comes to’, so 인간 생λͺ…μ˜ 츑정에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ is ‘when it comes to the measurement of human life’. λ‹Ήμ‹  is ‘you’, and μ„ νƒν•œ came from μ„ νƒν•˜λ‹€, which means ‘to choose’, and 손톱 is ‘fingernail’, and μœ„λ‘œ is ‘over’, so 당신이 μ„ νƒν•œ 손톱 μœ„λ‘œ is ‘over the fingernail of your choice’. 쀑간 is ‘medium’, and κ²° is ‘the grain’, and 의 is a genitive case. And 손톱 쀄 is ‘nail file’, so 쀑간 결의 손톱 쀄 is ‘a medium grained nail file’, and 단 ν•œ 번 is ‘once’, and μ“°λŠ” 것 is actually ‘to use’, but by the context, in this sentence, ‘the stroke of nail file’, right? And 으둜 is the same as ‘with’, so 단 ν•œ 번 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ is ‘with a single stroke of’. 인λ₯˜ is ‘mankind’, and 전체 is ‘whole, or entire’, and 역사 is ‘history’, and κ·Όμ ˆν•  것이닀 came from κ·Όμ ˆν•˜λ‹€, which means ‘to eradicate, or annihilate’. And γ„Ή 것이닀 is the same as ‘would’ as I said at the first sentence, right? So, 인간 생λͺ…μ˜ 츑정에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ, 당신이 μ„ νƒν•œ 손톱 μœ„λ‘œ 쀑간 결의 손톱 쀄을 단 ν•œ 번 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 당신은 인λ₯˜ 전체 역사λ₯Ό κ·Όμ ˆν•  것이닀. When it comes to the measurement of human life, with a single stroke of a medium grained nail file over the fingernail of your choice, you would eradicate the entire history of mankind.
 
The sixth sentence is κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, 쑴재의 μ›λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ—μ„œ 인간듀은 κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬ μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λͺ…λ°±ν•˜λ‹€. Therefore, in the grand scheme of existence, it’s evident that humans have been a minute existence. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ is ‘therefore’, and 쑴재 is ‘existence’, and μ›λŒ€ν•œ is ‘grand’, and κ³„νš is ‘plan, or scheme’, and μ—μ„œ is ‘in’, so 쑴재의 μ›λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ—μ„œ is ‘in the grand scheme of existence’. 인간 is ‘human’, and λ“€ means plural, and 은 is the subjective case. κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ is an adjective, and its meaning is ‘minute’, so κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ 쑴재 is ‘a minute existence’, and μ—¬ μ™”λ‹€ is the present perfect tense form of 이닀, which means ‘to be’. So, κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬ μ™”λ‹€ is ‘have been a minute existence’. And λŠ” 것 is the noun form of a clause, so this is the same as a conjunction, that in English. And λͺ…λ°±ν•˜λ‹€ is an adjective, and its meaning is ‘evident’. So, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, 쑴재의 μ›λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ—μ„œ 인간듀은 κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬ μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λͺ…λ°±ν•˜λ‹€. Therefore, in the grand scheme of existence, it’s evident that humans have been a minute existence.
All right, we gonna go over the whole paragraph. Are you ready? Here we go.
45얡년이 된 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 우리의 쑴재의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 방법은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것일 것이닀. κ·Έμ € λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ νŒ”λ“€μ„ κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ λ²”μœ„κΉŒμ§€ λ»—κ³  κ·Έ λ„ˆλΉ„λ₯Ό 우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 전체 μ—­μ‚¬λ‘œ 그렀보아라. 이 λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ, ν•œ μ†μ˜ 손가락 λμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ₯Έ μͺ½μ˜ 손λͺ©κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 거리가 μ„ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ•„λŒ€ 즉, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 지각이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  μ›μ‹œ 생λͺ…체가 처음 바닀에 μΆœν˜„ν–ˆλ˜ 기간이닀. λͺ¨λ“  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” ν•œ 손 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 인간 생λͺ…μ˜ 츑정에 κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ, 당신이 μ„ νƒν•œ 손톱 μœ„λ‘œ 쀑간 결의 손톱 쀄을 단 ν•œ 번 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 당신은 인λ₯˜ 전체 역사λ₯Ό κ·Όμ ˆν•  것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, 쑴재의 μ›λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ—μ„œ 인간듀은 κ·Ήλ―Έν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ—¬ μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것은 λͺ…λ°±ν•˜λ‹€.
An effective way of grasping the scope of our existence on the four and a half billion-year-old Earth would be to conduct a simple experiment. Simply stretch your arms to their fullest extent and picture the width as the entire history of our planet. On this scale, the distance from the fingertips of one hand to the wrist of the other is Precambrian - that is, the period during which the Earth’s crust formed and primitive life first appeared in the seas. All of complex life could be measured in the distance of one hand. When it comes to the measurement of human life, with a single stroke of a medium grained nail file over the fingernail of your choice, you would eradicate the entire history of mankind. Therefore, in the grand scheme of existence, it’s evident that humans have been a minute existence.